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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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In 1653, the French philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal published "Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids," which discussed the principles of static fluids. A static fluid is a fluid that is not in motion. When a fluid is not flowing, we say that the fluid is in static equilibrium. If the fluid is water, we say it is in hydrostatic equilibrium. For a fluid in static equilibrium, the net force on any part of the fluid must be zero; otherwise, the fluid will start to flow. Pascal...
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Free expansion of a gas is an adiabatic process. However, there are few differences between free expansion and adiabatic expansion. During free expansion, no work is done, and there is no change in internal energy. But, for an adiabatic expansion, work is done, and there is a change in internal energy. During an adiabatic process, the relation between the pressure and volume is obtained from the condition for the adiabatic process, that is,
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The concept of pressure at a point in a fluid establishes that pressure within a fluid is uniform in all directions at a specific location. This uniformity occurs because fluid molecules exert force evenly across any point due to their random motion and continuous collisions within the fluid. Pressure at a point is determined by the surrounding fluid molecules and is influenced by factors like depth and density, rather than by shape or orientation.
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Síntesis de materiales a presiones estáticas térapascales

Leonid Dubrovinsky1, Saiana Khandarkhaeva2,3, Timofey Fedotenko4

  • 1Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. Leonid.Dubrovinsky@uni-bayreuth.de.

Nature
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los científicos desarrollaron un nuevo método de régimen de terapascal para la síntesis y el análisis de materiales extremos. Esta técnica permitió la creación y caracterización del nitruro de renio (Re7N3) bajo inmensas presiones.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Física de altas presiones
  • Química del estado sólido

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los modelos teóricos predicen propiedades únicas del material bajo presión y temperatura extremas.
  • La síntesis y el análisis de materiales por encima de 200 gigapascales (GPa) es un desafío debido a la complejidad experimental y la falta de métodos in situ.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una metodología para experimentos de compresión estática en el régimen terapascal (TPa) combinado con calentamiento láser.
  • Para sintetizar y caracterizar nuevos materiales bajo condiciones extremas anteriormente inaccesibles.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de una célula de yunque de diamante de doble etapa con calentamiento láser capaz de alcanzar presiones de TPa.
  • Síntesis in situ de materiales bajo compresión estática de hasta 900 GPa.
  • Difracción de rayos X sincrotrón monocristalino para la caracterización química y estructural de los microcristales.

Principales resultados:

  • Presiones estáticas alcanzadas de aproximadamente 600 GPa y 900 GPa.
  • Con éxito sintetizó una aleación de renio-nitrógeno y la fase de nitruro de renio Re7N3.
  • Se ha demostrado que Re7N3 sólo es estable en condiciones de compresión extremas.

Conclusiones:

  • La metodología desarrollada permite experimentos en el régimen de TPa, empujando los límites de la ciencia de la alta presión.
  • Este avance extiende las capacidades de la cristalografía in situ a niveles de presión sin precedentes.
  • La síntesis de Re7N3 en condiciones extremas abre nuevas vías para explorar la materia en los entornos más intensos del universo.