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Los orígenes genómicos de los primeros agricultores del mundo

Nina Marchi¹, Laura Winkelbach², Ilektra Schulz³

¹CMPG, Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

|May 13, 2022

Resumen

Los orígenes genéticos de los primeros agricultores europeos y anatolios se revelan a través del modelado demogenómico. Estos primeros agricultores surgieron de poblaciones mixtas y experimentaron deriva genética durante su expansión.

Área de la Ciencia:

La genética
Arqueología
Historia de la población

Sus antecedentes:

Los orígenes genéticos precisos y el momento de diferenciación de los primeros agricultores neolíticos en Europa y el suroeste de Asia no se entienden bien.
Comprender estos orígenes es crucial para reconstruir los movimientos de población y la expansión de la agricultura.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aclarar los procesos demográficos subyacentes a la transición neolítica en Europa y el suroeste de Asia.
Determinar los orígenes genéticos y la diferenciación de las primeras poblaciones agrícolas europeas y anatolias.

Principales métodos:

Modelado demogenómico utilizando genomas antiguos de alta calidad.
Análisis de la mezcla genética y la estructura de la población.

Principales resultados:

Los primeros agricultores en Anatolia y Europa se originaron a partir de la mezcla de varias fases entre una población del suroeste asiático y un grupo de cazadores-recolectores occidentales después del último máximo glacial.
Los antepasados de estos agricultores sufrieron una deriva genética significativa durante la expansión hacia el oeste, lo que condujo a perfiles genéticos distintos.
El estudio proporciona una interpretación espacial de la historia de la población en el suroeste de Asia y Europa durante el Pleistoceno tardío y el Holoceno temprano.

Conclusiones:

La transición neolítica fue impulsada por procesos demográficos complejos que involucran la mezcla de poblaciones y la deriva genética.
Los datos del genoma antiguo y el modelado demogenómico son herramientas poderosas para reconstruir la dinámica de la población pasada.

Palabras clave:

Transición neolítica genómica antigua Modelado demogenómico inferencia demográfica Procesos demográficos La evolución del hombre mezcla de poblaciones El Paleolítico superior

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