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Una población de neuronas preópticas controla la fiebre y el apetito durante la enfermedad
Jessica A Osterhout1,2, Vikrant Kapoor1,2, Stephen W Eichhorn2,3,4
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|June 8, 2022
Resumen
Los investigadores descubrieron neuronas específicas en el cerebro
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Inmunología
- Fisiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La infección desencadena cambios adaptativos fisiológicos y de comportamiento en los animales.
- Los síntomas comunes de la enfermedad incluyen fiebre, calor, fatiga y pérdida de apetito.
- Los mecanismos neuronales que coordinan estas respuestas siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar las poblaciones neuronales involucradas en las respuestas a la enfermedad.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos por los cuales el sistema nervioso regula la fiebre y los comportamientos de la enfermedad.
- Para entender cómo se integran las señales inmunes para orquestar las respuestas a la infección.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación de ARN de un solo núcleo.
- Fluorescencia multiplexada y resistente a errores en la hibridación in situ.
- Mediciones electrofisiológicas.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó una nueva población de neuronas en el área preóptica medial ventral (VMPO) activada por agentes inductores de la enfermedad (lipopolisacárido, ácido poliinosínico: policitídlico).
- Estas neuronas VMPO son esenciales para la fiebre, la búsqueda de calor y la pérdida de apetito.
- Demostró un mecanismo paracrino que involucra señales inmunes que activan las neuronas VMPO y reveló su amplia influencia en las áreas cerebrales que controlan el comportamiento y la homeostasis.
Conclusiones:
- Las neuronas VMPO actúan como un centro central que integra las señales inmunes.
- Estas neuronas orquestan múltiples síntomas de enfermedad durante la infección.
- Descubrió un circuito neuronal clave para coordinar las respuestas a la enfermedad.
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