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Variación robusta en el ensamblaje del microbioma intestinal infantil en un espectro de estilos de vida

Matthew R Olm¹, Dylan Dahan¹, Matthew M Carter¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 9, 2022

Resumen

El desarrollo del microbioma intestinal del bebé varía significativamente según el estilo de vida. Los bebés cazadores-recolectores Hadza poseen microbios intestinales únicos, a diferencia de los de las naciones industrializadas, destacando el diverso conjunto microbiano.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Ecología humana
La genómica

Sus antecedentes:

El ensamblaje del microbioma infantil está bien estudiado en poblaciones industrializadas.
Existen datos limitados sobre los microbiomas infantiles en las comunidades no industrializadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el desarrollo del microbioma infantil en una población no industrializada (Hadza).
Para comparar los microbiomas infantiles a nivel mundial, teniendo en cuenta los factores del estilo de vida.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación profunda de muestras de heces infantiles de cazadores-recolectores Hadza.
Metaanálisis global de los datos del microbioma infantil.

Principales resultados:

Los microbiomas infantiles de Hadza muestran trayectorias únicas, con nuevas especies.
Los bebés industrializados tienen menos *Bifidobacterium infantis* y menos genes de utilización de la leche humana.
Las cepas microbianas se comparten dentro de las díadas madre-bebé Hadza, lo que indica herencia.

Conclusiones:

La composición del microbioma infantil está determinada por los estilos de vida específicos de la población.
Los estudios del microbioma global deben incluir poblaciones diversas y no industrializadas.

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