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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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El fósforo a través del espejo

Xavier Verdaguer1,2

  • 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un nuevo bloque de construcción permite la síntesis general de fármacos quirales de fósforo. Este avance simplifica la creación de importantes compuestos farmacéuticos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química medicinal
  • Síntesis orgánica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los compuestos de fósforo quiral son cruciales en el desarrollo de fármacos.
  • Los métodos de síntesis existentes para estos compuestos pueden ser complejos y limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un componente versátil para la síntesis de fármacos quirales de fósforo.
  • Establecer una ruta sintética general y eficiente.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó un nuevo precursor de óxido de fosfina.
  • Desarrolló una reacción asimétrica catalítica para la funcionalización.
  • Demostró la amplia aplicabilidad del bloque de construcción.

Principales resultados:

  • Con éxito sintetizó una variedad de compuestos quirales de fósforo.
  • Se logra una alta enantioselectividad en el paso sintético clave.
  • El bloque de construcción demostró ser efectivo en diversos andamios de drogas.

Conclusiones:

  • Se ha identificado un componente clave para la síntesis general de fármacos quirales de fósforo.
  • Este método ofrece un enfoque simplificado y eficiente para acceder a valiosos agentes farmacéuticos.