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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Modificación de la insulina para mejorar el rendimiento

Nai-Pin Lin1, Danny Hung-Chieh Chou1

  • 1Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 16, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las modificaciones precisas de las plataformas de insulina pueden mejorar la funcionalidad del fármaco. Este avance tiene potencial para mejorar los resultados terapéuticos en el manejo de la diabetes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica
  • Farmacología
  • Sistemas de administración de fármacos

Sus antecedentes:

  • La insulina es una hormona crítica para la regulación de la glucosa.
  • Las formulaciones actuales de insulina tienen limitaciones en los perfiles farmacocinéticos.
  • Mejorar la funcionalidad de la insulina es un objetivo clave en el tratamiento de la diabetes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir una nueva plataforma para la modificación precisa de la insulina.
  • Investigar el potencial de esta plataforma para mejorar la funcionalidad de los medicamentos para la insulina.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de una plataforma de modificación dirigida para la insulina.
  • Pruebas in vitro e in vivo de las propiedades modificadas de la insulina.

Principales resultados:

  • Capacidad demostrada para alterar con precisión la estructura de la insulina.
  • Mejoras observadas en la estabilidad y actividad de la insulina.
  • Potencial para perfiles farmacocinéticos adaptados.

Conclusiones:

  • Una plataforma para la modificación precisa de la insulina es prometedora.
  • Este enfoque podría conducir a mejores terapias basadas en insulina.
  • Se requiere más investigación para explorar aplicaciones clínicas.