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Ondas atmosféricas de la superficie al espacio de la erupción Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai
Corwin J Wright1, Neil P Hindley2, M Joan Alexander3
1Centre for Space, Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK. c.wright@bath.ac.uk.
Nature
|June 30, 2022
Resumen
La erupción de Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai de 2022 generó ondas atmosféricas sin precedentes, incluidas las ondas de Cordero y las ondas de gravedad, que rodearon el globo varias veces. Este evento volcánico proporciona un experimento natural único para la ciencia atmosférica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias atmosféricas
- La geofísica
- Volcanología
Sus antecedentes:
- La erupción de Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai en enero de 2022 fue un evento volcánico excepcionalmente explosivo.
- Generó un penacho volcánico que alcanzó más de 50 km de altitud.
- La erupción desencadenó ondas atmosféricas que se propagaron por todo el mundo, un fenómeno sin precedentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para detallar la respuesta global de las olas atmosféricas a la erupción Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai.
- Para cuantificar las características de onda desde la superficie de la Tierra hasta la ionosfera.
- Para analizar la erupción como un experimento natural para la dinámica atmosférica.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un conjunto completo de observaciones satelitales y terrestres.
- Análisis de las velocidades y patrones de propagación de las ondas atmosféricas.
- Cuantificó la contribución de la liberación de calor latente del penacho volcánico.
Principales resultados:
- Observó un amplio espectro de ondas atmosféricas, incluyendo ondas de cordero y ondas de gravedad.
- Las velocidades de onda de Lamb medidas en la superficie (318,2 ± 6 m/s) y la estratosfera (308 ± 5 a 319 ± 4 m/s).
- Velocidades de ondas de gravedad estratosféricas registradas entre 238 ± 3 y 269 ± 3 m/s.
- Ondas de gravedad sub-ionosféricas identificadas que se propagan globalmente desde esta única fuente.
- La liberación de calor latente de la pluma fue la fuente dominante de ondas de gravedad durante más de 12 horas.
Conclusiones:
- La erupción de Hunga Tonga generó una respuesta de ondas atmosféricas única a escala global.
- Las ondas de gravedad observadas a alturas sub-ionosféricas y sus velocidades no tienen precedentes.
- La erupción sirve como un experimento natural crítico para comprender las respuestas atmosféricas a cambios abruptos.
- Los resultados ayudarán a mejorar los modelos meteorológicos y climáticos.
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