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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

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The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation
10:01

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

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La bronquiolitis

Stuart R Dalziel1, Libby Haskell2, Sharon O'Brien3

  • 1Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Children's Emergency Department, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Lancet (London, England)
|July 5, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La bronquiolitis viral, común en los bebés, sólo requiere cuidados de apoyo como hidratación y oxígeno. Las terapias intervencionistas carecen de beneficios comprobados y su desimplementación sigue siendo un desafío.

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Pediatría
  • Enfermedades infecciosas
  • Medicina de las vías respiratorias

Sus antecedentes:

  • La bronquiolitis viral es una de las principales causas de hospitalización infantil en las naciones de altos ingresos.
  • El virus sincitial respiratorio es el patógeno principal, responsable del 60-80% de los casos.
  • El diagnóstico es típicamente clínico, lo que evita la necesidad de pruebas virales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar las recomendaciones actuales de tratamiento basadas en la evidencia para la bronquiolitis viral.
  • Evaluar la eficacia y el uso adecuado de diversas intervenciones.
  • Abordar el desafío persistente de la desimplementación de la atención intervencionista no beneficiosa.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de pruebas de alta calidad y revisiones sistemáticas.
  • Análisis de las directrices de práctica clínica.
  • Evaluación de los datos relativos a intervenciones específicas como los glucocorticoides, los broncodilatadores, la solución salina hipertónica y la terapia de flujo alto.

Principales resultados:

  • La administración debe centrarse únicamente en el cuidado de apoyo: hidratación y oxigenación.
  • Los glucocorticoides y los broncodilatadores no muestran ningún beneficio demostrado.
  • La solución salina hipertónica requiere evidencia adicional; la terapia de alto flujo se limita al rescate en bebés con hipoxia y no reduce las tasas de ingreso a la UCI o de intubación.

Conclusiones:

  • La evidencia apoya firmemente un enfoque de atención de apoyo para la bronquiolitis viral.
  • A pesar de las directrices, las terapias intervencionistas siguen siendo ampliamente utilizadas, lo que plantea un importante desafío de implementación.
  • Centrarse en la desimplementación de tratamientos no beneficiosos es crucial para una atención óptima al paciente.