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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Vitrímeros de poliolefinas de definición molecular obtenidos por polimerización por inserción catalítica

Lukas Odenwald1, Florian P Wimmer1, Nina K Mast1

  • 1Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 15, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio introduce un nuevo método para crear polietileno funcional con una composición molecular uniforme, lo que lleva a vitrímeros reciclables y resistentes a los disolventes con propiedades materiales mejoradas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Catálisis

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los vitrímeros ofrecen una mezcla de propiedades de materiales entrelazados y procesamiento termoplástico.
  • Los métodos existentes para la funcionalización del polietileno conducen a composiciones de cadenas heterogéneas.
  • Esta heterogeneidad limita el rendimiento y la reciclabilidad de los vitrímeros resultantes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método para sintetizar polietileno funcionalizado homogéneo.
  • Crear vitrímeros con mejores propiedades materiales y capacidad de reciclaje.
  • Permitir la incorporación eficiente de todas las cadenas de polímeros en la estructura de la red.

Principales métodos:

  • Polimerización por inserción catalítica directa para incorporar grupos de enlace cruzado (ésteres borónicos de arilo o grupos protegidos por acetalo).
  • Síntesis de cadenas de polietileno funcionalizadas con distribución homogénea en la cadena y enriquecimiento del grupo final.
  • Caracterización de las propiedades del vitrimero, incluida la resistencia al disolvente y la reciclabilidad, con el apoyo de simulaciones de composición.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha logrado una distribución homogénea de los grupos reticulables dentro de las cadenas de polietileno.
  • Enriquecimiento observado de grupos reactivos en los extremos de la cadena, lo que facilita la incorporación completa de la red.
  • Propiedades vitrímeras mejoradas demostradas, incluida la resistencia al disolvente y la plena reciclabilidad debido a la composición molecular uniforme.

Conclusiones:

  • La polimerización por inserción catalítica proporciona una vía superior a los polietileno funcionalizados homogéneos para aplicaciones de vitrímeros.
  • La composición molecular uniforme es clave para lograr materiales de vidrio robustos, no lixiviables y reciclables.
  • El método desarrollado permite la creación de redes de polímeros sostenibles de alto rendimiento.