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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

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Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

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The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
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Solution Formation02:16

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

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The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Menos es más cuando se forman geles por dilución

Matthew J Webber1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

El autoensamblaje molecular permite la creación de nuevos materiales blandos. Estos materiales avanzados emergen de un estado líquido al diluirse, ofreciendo nuevas posibilidades en la ciencia de los materiales.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • El autoensamblaje molecular es un proceso fundamental en la naturaleza.
  • El autoensamblaje controlado es clave para diseñar materiales blandos avanzados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la formación de materiales blandos a través del autoensamblaje molecular.
  • Para entender la transición de los estados líquidos a los materiales blandos.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando los principios de auto-ensamblaje molecular.
  • Dilución de las soluciones precursoras para inducir la formación de material.

Principales resultados:

  • Se generaron con éxito materiales blandos a partir de un precursor líquido.
  • El proceso se activa mediante la dilución de la solución.

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Conclusiones:

  • El autoensamblaje molecular ofrece una vía viable para sintetizar materiales blandos.
  • La dilución es un parámetro crítico para controlar la formación de material.