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Una inversión cromosómica contribuye a la divergencia en múltiples rasgos entre los ecotipos de ratón venado

Emily R Hager¹, Olivia S Harringmeyer¹, T Brock Wooldridge¹

¹Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 21, 2022

Resumen

Una gran inversión cromosómica ayuda a mantener ecotipos distintos de ratón ciervo al vincular rasgos como la longitud de la cola y el color del pelaje. Esta estructura genética persiste a pesar del flujo genético, impulsado por la selección natural.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva
La genética
Ecología

Sus antecedentes:

La comprensión de los mecanismos genéticos detrás de la adaptación local y la formación de ecotipos es crucial en la biología evolutiva.
Los ratones venados (Peromyscus maniculatus) exhiben ecotipos forestales y de pradera distintos, proporcionando un sistema modelo para estudiar la adaptación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la base genética de la variación en los rasgos clave (longitud de la cola, color del pelaje) entre los ecotipos de ratón de bosque y de pradera.
Identificar los elementos genéticos responsables de mantener la distinción del ecotipo a pesar del flujo genético.

Principales métodos:

Caracterización de la variación genética en los ecotipos de ratón ciervo.
Identificación y análisis de una gran inversión cromosómica.
Evaluación de la frecuencia de inversión a través de gradientes de hábitat.

Principales resultados:

Se descubrió una inversión cromosómica de 41 megabases y se relacionó con la variación de la longitud de la cola y el color del pelaje.
La inversión es muy frecuente (90%) en el ecotipo del bosque y ausente en el ecotipo de la pradera, con frecuencias que cambian a lo largo de la transición del hábitat.
La recombinación suprimida dentro de la inversión puede conferir beneficios de aptitud.

Conclusiones:

Una gran inversión cromosómica juega un papel importante en la evolución y el mantenimiento de los ecotipos de ratón ciervo.
La selección divergente está implicada en mantener la inversión en las frecuencias observadas, superando el flujo de genes.
Este estudio destaca la importancia de la variación estructural, como las inversiones, en la configuración de la adaptación y la divergencia ecotípica en los mamíferos.