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La epidemiología molecular de múltiples orígenes zoonóticos del SARS-CoV-2
Jonathan E Pekar1,2, Andrew Magee3, Edyth Parker4
1Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 26, 2022
Resumen
La diversidad genómica temprana del coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) sugiere dos linajes distintos, A y B, resultantes de al menos dos transmisiones zoonóticas en humanos alrededor de noviembre de 2019. Esto indica una circulación limitada antes de los primeros casos reportados de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Epidemiología
- La genómica
Sus antecedentes:
- La prevención de la pandemia requiere comprender la aparición de patógenos.
- El análisis de la diversidad genómica del SARS-CoV-2 proporciona información sobre la dinámica de transmisión temprana.
- El surgimiento de nuevos virus como el SARS-CoV-2 a menudo está relacionado con eventos zoonóticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la diversidad genómica temprana del SARS-CoV-2.
- Determinar el número y el momento de las transmisiones zoonóticas que conducen a la pandemia de COVID-19.
- Para establecer la línea de tiempo del surgimiento del SARS-CoV-2 en humanos.
Principales métodos:
- Se emplearon métodos de enraizamiento filodinámicos para analizar los datos genómicos del SARS-CoV-2.
- Se utilizaron simulaciones epidémicas para modelar la propagación viral y estimar los tiempos de introducción.
- El análisis se centró en la diversidad genómica antes de febrero de 2020.
Principales resultados:
- La diversidad genómica temprana del SARS-CoV-2 comprendía dos linajes principales: A y B.
- Estos linajes probablemente se originaron de al menos dos transmisiones zoonóticas separadas a los humanos.
- La transmisión del linaje B ocurrió alrededor del 18 de noviembre de 2019, y el linaje A lo siguió en cuestión de semanas.
- La circulación humana generalizada antes de noviembre de 2019 se considera poco probable.
Conclusiones:
- El surgimiento del SARS-CoV-2 probablemente fue el resultado de múltiples eventos zoonóticos, similares a otros coronavirus.
- Los hallazgos definen una ventana estrecha para el salto inicial del SARS-CoV-2 a la población humana.
- Comprender estos eventos tempranos es crucial para las futuras estrategias de prevención y preparación para pandemias.
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