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El capital social II: factores determinantes de la conexión económica

Raj Chetty¹, Matthew O Jackson², Theresa Kuchler³

¹Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. chetty@fas.harvard.edu.

|August 1, 2022

Resumen

La desconexión social a través de líneas socioeconómicas es impulsada igualmente por la exposición desigual y la amistad sesgada. El aumento de la integración socioeconómica puede impulsar la conexión económica, especialmente en grupos con un bajo sesgo de amistad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias sociales
Sociología
Las economías

Sus antecedentes:

La baja interacción social entre las líneas de estatus socioeconómico (SES) es una preocupación significativa.
Esta desconexión social está relacionada con resultados negativos, incluida una menor movilidad ascendente de los ingresos.
Comprender los impulsores de la interacción entre clases es crucial para abordar la desigualdad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar los determinantes de la interacción entre clases utilizando datos de Facebook.
Para distinguir los roles de la exposición y el sesgo de amistad en la desconexión social.
Identificar intervenciones efectivas para aumentar la conectividad económica.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de datos de Facebook a gran escala para medir la desconexión social.
Cuantificación de la exposición a individuos con alto nivel de SES dentro de varios grupos sociales.
Evaluación del sesgo de amistad, la tendencia a formar amistades a través de las líneas SES.
Utilizando datos de cohorte de la escuela secundaria para examinar el impacto de la exposición a SES en las amistades.

Principales resultados:

Aproximadamente la mitad de la desconexión social proviene de la exposición desigual a individuos con alto SES.
La otra mitad se atribuye al sesgo de amistad, donde las personas con bajo SES se hacen amigas con personas con alto SES con menos frecuencia.
El sesgo de amistad varía según la estructura del grupo; es mayor en grupos más grandes y diversos y menor en organizaciones religiosas.
El aumento de la exposición alta a SES conduce a más amistades entre SES en entornos con bajo sesgo de amistad.

Conclusiones:

La integración socioeconómica aumenta efectivamente la conexión económica en las comunidades con un bajo sesgo de amistad.
En entornos de alto sesgo de amistad, las intervenciones deben centrarse en aumentar las interacciones entre los miembros existentes.
Los datos protegidos por la privacidad sobre la conexión económica, la exposición y el sesgo de amistad se publican para códigos postales, escuelas secundarias y universidades de los Estados Unidos.

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