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El retroelemento Lx9 frena la respuesta inmune a la infección por el virus
Nenad Bartonicek1,2, Romain Rouet1,3, Joanna Warren1
1The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nature
|August 10, 2022
Resumen
Los elementos transponibles, como el Lx9c11, regulan el sistema inmunológico. La eliminación de este elemento en ratones causó reacciones inmunes letales a las infecciones virales, destacando su papel en la supervivencia del huésped.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica
- Inmunología
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los elementos transponibles (ET) son secuencias de ADN móvil que comprenden una parte significativa de los genomas de los mamíferos.
- Los elementos de ADN reguladores dentro de las ET sugieren un papel en el control de la expresión génica y el fenotipo celular.
- Es más probable que las ET antiguas conservadas tengan funciones reguladoras, pero requieren validación experimental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel regulador de un elemento transponible específico, Lx9c11, en la respuesta inmune de los mamíferos.
- Determinar la consecuencia funcional de la eliminación de Lx9c11 en la supervivencia del huésped durante la infección viral.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó la edición del gen CRISPR-Cas9 para eliminar el retrotransposón Lx9c11 en ratones.
- Los ratones fueron infectados con un virus para evaluar la respuesta inmune y las tasas de supervivencia.
- Se analizó la expresión del ARN no codificante (Lx9c11-RegoS) y su regulación de los genes de la familia Schlafen.
Principales resultados:
- La eliminación de Lx9c11 dio lugar a una respuesta inmune exagerada y letal a la infección viral.
- Lx9c11 es esencial para generar Lx9c11-RegoS, un ARN no codificante.
- Lx9c11-RegoS regula los genes de la familia Schlafen, mitigando la hiperinflamación y previniendo la letalidad en los ratones knockout Lx9c11.
Conclusiones:
- Los elementos transponibles pueden funcionar como reguladores críticos del sistema inmunológico.
- El retrotransposón Lx9c11 y su ARN no codificante derivado (Lx9c11-RegoS) son vitales para la supervivencia del huésped durante las infecciones virales.
- Estos hallazgos demuestran el papel de un elemento transponible en el control de las respuestas inmunes para favorecer la supervivencia del huésped.
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