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Superredes de perovskita con una dinámica de transporte eficiente

Yusheng Lei1,2, Yuheng Li1, Chengchangfeng Lu3

  • 1Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Nature
|August 10, 2022
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Resumen

Este estudio introduce una nueva red de perovskita de baja dimensión para mejorar el rendimiento de las células solares. La nueva arquitectura de materiales permite un transporte de portadores 3D eficiente, logrando una eficiencia de conversión fotoeléctrica certificada del 12,36%.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Física del estado sólido
  • Energía renovable

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las perovskitas de halogenuros metálicos de baja dimensión ofrecen una mayor estabilidad que sus contrapartes en 3D.
  • Los desafíos incluyen la eficiencia limitada del dispositivo debido a los límites de grano y el transporte de portadores obstaculizado en estructuras estratificadas.
  • Las perovskitas sin plomo se enfrentan a problemas de baja cristalinidad e inestabilidad estructural.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una superred de perovskita de baja dimensión con un mejor transporte de portadores y una mayor eficiencia de las células solares.
  • Para superar las limitaciones del confinamiento cuántico y el transporte del portador en los materiales de perovskita existentes.
  • Investigar el potencial de la epitaxia química para crear arquitecturas avanzadas de perovskita.

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación de una superrejilla de yoduro de butiloamonio/metiloamonio (BA2MA ((n-1) Sn ((n) I ((3n+1)) por medio de la epitaxia química.
  • Utilizando un sustrato no coincidente con la celosía para comprimir espaciadores orgánicos y reducir el confinamiento cuántico.
  • Caracterización de la estructura de la superred y su efecto en el transporte del portador.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha logrado un transporte de portadores 3D eficiente a través de losas inorgánicas alineadas verticalmente y una red 2D transversal.
  • Se ha demostrado un debilitamiento del confinamiento cuántico debido a la compresión inducida por el sustrato de los espaciadores orgánicos.
  • Una célula solar de superred logró una eficiencia de conversión fotoeléctrica estable certificada del 12,36%.
  • Se observó una tensión de circuito abierto inusualmente alta, posiblemente debido a la relajación del excitón intrabanda.

Conclusiones:

  • La arquitectura de superred de perovskita desarrollada permite un transporte de carga eficiente y un rendimiento mejorado de las células solares.
  • La epitaxia química y la ingeniería de sustratos son estrategias efectivas para optimizar las perovskitas de baja dimensión.
  • Investigaciones adicionales sobre la dinámica del excitón dentro de la banda podrían desbloquear eficiencias y voltajes aún más altos.