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La filogenómica a escala pandémica revela el paisaje de recombinación del SARS-CoV-2
Yatish Turakhia1,2,3, Bryan Thornlow4,5, Angie Hinrichs5
1Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. yturakhia@ucsd.edu.
Nature
|August 11, 2022
Resumen
Un nuevo método filogenómico identificó 589 eventos de recombinación de SARS-CoV-2 en 1,6 millones de muestras. Esto pone de relieve la necesidad de un análisis en tiempo real de la recombinación viral para rastrear linajes potencialmente más transmisibles o virulentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- La genómica
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La detección precisa de linajes recombinantes es vital para comprender la evolución viral, la propagación epidémica y los análisis filogenéticos.
- El rápido aumento de los datos genómicos del SARS-CoV-2 ha abrumado a las plataformas de análisis existentes, lo que dificulta los estudios evolutivos en tiempo real.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y aplicar un nuevo método filogenómico para detectar linajes recombinantes dentro de una gran filogenia de SARS-CoV-2.
- Evaluar la prevalencia y las características de los eventos de recombinación en los genomas del SARS-CoV-2.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un nuevo enfoque filogenómico para buscar una filogenia completa del SARS-CoV-2.
- El análisis se realizó en un conjunto de datos que incluía 1,6 millones de muestras recolectadas hasta mayo de 2021.
Principales resultados:
- El estudio identificó 589 eventos de recombinación, lo que indica que aproximadamente el 2,7% de los genomas secuenciados de SARS-CoV-2 exhiben ascendencia recombinante detectable.
- Se encontró que los puntos de ruptura de recombinación se concentraban en la región 3' del genoma, particularmente dentro del gen de la proteína de punta.
Conclusiones:
- El análisis oportuno de la recombinación viral es esencial para identificar linajes emergentes con transmisión o virulencia alteradas.
- El enfoque filogenómico desarrollado permite un seguimiento completo y en tiempo real de la recombinación viral durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 y para futuros brotes virales.
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