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Circuitos intestino-cerebro para la preferencia de grasa

Mengtong Li1,2, Hwei-Ee Tan1,3, Zhengyuan Lu2,4

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.

Nature
|September 7, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La preferencia por la grasa se desarrolla después de la ingestión a través de señales del cerebro intestinal, no del gusto. Los receptores intestinales específicos y las neuronas vagales median esta atracción impulsada por la grasa, revelando los mecanismos clave del eje intestino-cerebro en la preferencia de nutrientes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Gastroenterología
  • Ciencias de la nutrición

Sus antecedentes:

  • La percepción de la grasa desencadena fuertes respuestas apetitosas.
  • La atracción conductual por la grasa puede ocurrir sin un sistema de sabor funcional.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos posteriores a la ingestión que impulsan la preferencia de grasa a través del eje intestino-cerebro.
  • Identificar vías específicas del intestino al cerebro y receptores involucrados en la detección de grasa y el desarrollo de preferencias.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó la secuenciación de ARN de una sola célula para identificar las neuronas vaga que responden a la grasa intestinal.
  • Se empleó el silenciamiento genético de circuitos intestinales-cerebrales identificados en ratones.
  • Comparación de las vías intestinales al cerebro para la preferencia de grasa y azúcar.
  • Ratones diseñados que carecen de receptores candidatos para la detección de grasa intestinal.

Principales resultados:

  • La entrega de grasa intestinal activa las neuronas vagales específicas, impulsando la preferencia por la grasa.
  • El silenciamiento genético de este circuito abolió el desarrollo de la preferencia por la grasa.
  • Identificó dos sistemas intestino-cerebro paralelos: un sensor general de nutrientes y otra vía específica de grasa.
  • Receptores candidatos validados que median las respuestas de grasa intestinal al cerebro.

Conclusiones:

  • La preferencia por la grasa es principalmente mediada por el eje intestino-cerebro después de la ingestión.
  • Células y receptores distintos en el eje intestino-cerebro son cruciales para desarrollar la preferencia por la grasa.
  • Los hallazgos revelan los mecanismos fundamentales que subyacen al apetito y la preferencia por los nutrientes.