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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the transfer of electrons from one point to another is known as electrical energy. If power is delivered at a constant rate, the electrical energy can be defined as the product of power used by the device for a period of time. The energy unit on electric bills is the kilowatt-hour, where one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3.6 × 106 joules.
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The power and energy delivered to an element are subjects of great significance in the field of electrical engineering. It is a well-known fact that a 100-watt light bulb emits more light than a 60-watt one. Therefore, power and energy calculations play a crucial role in the analysis of electrical circuits.
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The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
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When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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Gran energía recolectada con módulos piroeléctricos no lineales

Pierre Lheritier1, Alvar Torelló2,3, Tomoyasu Usui4

  • 1Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg.

Nature
|September 13, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron una cosechadora de energía térmica piroeléctrica utilizando tantalato de plomo y escandio. Este dispositivo convierte eficientemente el calor en electricidad, ofreciendo una fuente de energía sostenible para sistemas autónomos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Recogida de energía
  • Física del estado sólido

Sus antecedentes:

  • La generación de electricidad sostenible es un desafío global crítico.
  • Los materiales piroeléctricos convierten las variaciones de temperatura en electricidad, pero carecen de capacidades de recolección en el rango de joules.
  • Los materiales y dispositivos existentes son insuficientes para la recolección de energía térmica a gran escala.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una cosechadora de energía térmica piroeléctrica macroscópica capaz de generar electricidad en el rango de joules.
  • Para demostrar el potencial de los materiales piroeléctricos para la alimentación de dispositivos autónomos.
  • Para lograr una alta eficiencia de conversión de energía utilizando condensadores piroeléctricos multicapa.

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación de una cosechadora de energía térmica macroscópica utilizando 42 g de tantalato de plomo en forma de condensador multicapa.
  • Caracterización de la potencia eléctrica del dispositivo por ciclo termodinámico y densidad de energía.
  • Prueba de la capacidad de la cosechadora para alimentar un sistema de energía autónomo con microcontroladores y sensores.
  • Evaluación de la eficiencia de conversión de energía en relación con la eficiencia de Carnot.

Principales resultados:

  • La cosechadora produce 11,2 J de electricidad por ciclo termodinámico.
  • Los módulos piroeléctricos individuales alcanzan una densidad de energía de 4,43 J cm-3 por ciclo.
  • Dos módulos pequeños (0,3 g) pueden alimentar de manera sostenible una cosechadora de energía autónoma.
  • Se alcanza una eficiencia del 40% de la eficiencia de Carnot para un rango de temperatura de 10 K.

Conclusiones:

  • Los cosechadores de energía piroeléctrica macroscópicos, escalables y eficientes ahora son factibles.
  • Estos dispositivos ofrecen una vía prometedora para generar electricidad a partir del calor.
  • El alto rendimiento se atribuye a una transición de fase ferroeléctrica, baja corriente de fuga y alto voltaje de ruptura.