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Examen de detección de prediabetes y diabetes tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes: Declaración de recomendación del grupo

, Carol M Mangione¹, Michael J Barry²

¹University of California, Los Angeles.

|September 13, 2022

Resumen

La detección de la diabetes tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes carece de pruebas suficientes. El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos encontró datos insuficientes para determinar los beneficios y daños del cribado en esta población joven.

Área de la Ciencia:

Pediatría
Endocrinología
La medicina preventiva

Sus antecedentes:

La diabetes tipo 2 está aumentando en niños y adolescentes, con tasas de incidencia cada vez mayores.
Los jóvenes con diabetes tipo 2 a menudo tienen afecciones comórbidas como hipertensión y enfermedad hepática grasa.
Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades estiman que más de 23,000 jóvenes tenían diabetes tipo 2 en 2018.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la evidencia sobre el cribado de la prediabetes y la diabetes tipo 2 en jóvenes asintomáticos.
Para informar sobre una nueva recomendación del Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF).

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática de las pruebas de detección de la diabetes tipo 2 en personas asintomáticas y no embarazadas menores de 18 años.
Evaluación del equilibrio entre los beneficios y los perjuicios del cribado.

Principales resultados:

La evidencia es insuficiente para evaluar los beneficios y los daños de la detección de la diabetes tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes.
Falta de datos sobre el impacto del cribado, la detección temprana y el tratamiento en los resultados de salud en los jóvenes.

Conclusiones:

El USPSTF concluyó que la evidencia es insuficiente para recomendar la detección de la diabetes tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes.
Se necesitan más investigaciones para determinar los efectos del cribado y la intervención temprana en los resultados de salud en esta población.

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