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La evolución de la epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 en África: Perspectivas de la rápida expansión de la vigilancia genómica
Houriiyah Tegally1,2, James E San1,2, Matthew Cotten3,4
1Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 15, 2022
Resumen
La secuenciación genómica para el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en África ha superado los 100,000 genomas, aumentando las capacidades de vigilancia locales. Esta inversión mejora el seguimiento de la pandemia y sus variantes en todo el continente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Vigilancia genómica
- Epidemiología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La inversión en la secuenciación del coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) en África ha aumentado significativamente.
- Se han generado más de 100.000 genomas, mejorando el seguimiento de pandemias en el continente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de una mayor inversión en la secuenciación genómica del SARS-CoV-2 en África.
- Analizar la efectividad de la secuenciación local para la vigilancia pandémica y el seguimiento de las variantes.
Principales métodos:
- Vigilancia genómica del SARS-CoV-2 en las naciones africanas.
- Análisis de datos de secuencia para rastrear la dinámica de dispersión viral y la aparición de variantes.
- Evaluación de las capacidades nacionales de secuenciación y los tiempos de respuesta.
Principales resultados:
- Un aumento notable en los países africanos con capacidades de secuenciación domésticas.
- La secuenciación local demostró tiempos de respuesta más rápidos y una vigilancia más consistente.
- Los datos genómicos revelaron una propagación pandémica heterogénea y patrones de dispersión distintos para las variantes de preocupación (Alfa, Beta, Delta, Omicron).
Conclusiones:
- La inversión sostenida en diagnósticos y vigilancia genómica es fundamental para la preparación de África para las pandemias.
- La vigilancia genómica es esencial para monitorear la evolución viral y las amenazas emergentes de enfermedades infecciosas.
- La infraestructura de secuenciación mejorada beneficiará a la seguridad sanitaria continental en el siglo XXI.
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