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Ritmos circadianos y trastornos del tiempo de sueño
Nicholas Meyer1, Allison G Harvey2, Steven W Lockley3
1Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 17, 2022
Resumen
Los ritmos circadianos regulan los ciclos de sueño-vigilia, pero la vida moderna interrumpe esta alineación, lo que lleva a trastornos del sueño. Las nuevas tecnologías pueden mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estos problemas de tiempo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cronología
- Ciencia del sueño
- La neurociencia
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ciclos diarios de sueño y vigilia se rigen por ritmos circadianos intrínsecos de 24 horas.
- Estos ritmos, generados por osciladores moleculares, alinean el sueño con la noche ambiental pero son vulnerables a las interrupciones del estilo de vida moderno.
- Las interrupciones afectan el horario del sueño, la salud física y el bienestar mental, lo que lleva a trastornos del ritmo circadiano de sueño-vigilia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar críticamente las categorías actuales de trastornos del sueño-vigilia del ritmo circadiano.
- Explorar el papel del sistema circadiano en el desarrollo de estos trastornos.
- Para investigar la interacción entre los ritmos circadianos, la homeostasis del sueño y los factores conductuales / ambientales.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión y examen crítico de las clasificaciones existentes de los trastornos del sueño y la vigilia.
- Enfoque dimensional para comprender las interacciones del ritmo circadiano y la homeostasis del sueño.
- Evaluación de las tecnologías emergentes (wearables, transcriptómica, modelado matemático) para cuantificar el sueño y la fisiología circadiana.
Principales resultados:
- No todos los trastornos del ritmo diario provienen únicamente de trastornos circadianos.
- Los ritmos circadianos, la homeostasis del sueño y los factores conductuales / ambientales interactúan dinámicamente.
- La escasez de herramientas objetivas dificulta el reconocimiento y el tratamiento de los trastornos del horario del sueño.
Conclusiones:
- Las categorías existentes de trastornos del sueño-vigilia del ritmo circadiano requieren un examen crítico.
- Se necesita un enfoque más amplio y dimensional para comprender las interrupciones del horario del sueño.
- Las tecnologías emergentes son prometedoras para avanzar en el sueño y la ciencia circadiana para mejorar los resultados de la salud.
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