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La inyección de vapor de agua en la estratosfera por Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai
Holger Vömel1, Stephanie Evan2, Matt Tully3
1National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 22, 2022
Resumen
La erupción Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai de 2022 inyectó vapor de agua masivo en la estratosfera. Este evento sin precedentes puede alterar la química y la dinámica estratosférica durante años, diferente de los impactos volcánicos pasados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de la atmósfera
- Volcanología
- Ciencia de la estratosfera
Sus antecedentes:
- Se sabe que las grandes erupciones volcánicas tienen un impacto en la composición y la dinámica de la estratosfera.
- Las erupciones volcánicas submarinas son menos estudiadas pero pueden inyectar material significativo en la atmósfera.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la inyección de vapor de agua en la estratosfera de la erupción Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai.
- Para evaluar el impacto potencial de este vapor de agua en la estratosfera global.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la composición de la pluma estratosférica después de la erupción.
- Estimación de la masa de vapor de agua inyectada en la estratosfera.
Principales resultados:
- La erupción Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai inyectó al menos 50 teragramas de vapor de agua en la estratosfera.
- Esta inyección aumentó significativamente las concentraciones de vapor de agua en la estratosfera, potencialmente en más del 5% a nivel mundial.
- El penacho de vapor de agua era órdenes de magnitud más grandes que las condiciones típicas de la estratosfera.
Conclusiones:
- La erupción volcánica submarina de 2022 representa un evento extraordinario en términos de inyección de vapor de agua estratosférico.
- Este evento puede desencadenar respuestas atmosféricas únicas distintas de las grandes erupciones volcánicas documentadas anteriormente.
- Se anticipan efectos a largo plazo en la química y la dinámica estratosférica.
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