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El origen del axón dendrítico permite la transmisión de información por inhibición perisomática en las neuronas
Alexander Hodapp1, Martin E Kaiser1, Christian Thome1,2,3
1Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 22, 2022
Resumen
La actividad de la red neuronal recluta selectivamente células piramidales del hipocampo basadas en la morfología axonal. El origen axonal influye en la activación celular durante las oscilaciones de la red, revelando un vínculo entre la estructura y la función de las neuronas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Neurociencia computacional
- La neurociencia celular
Sus antecedentes:
- El procesamiento de la información en las redes neuronales se basa en patrones de actividad espaciotemporal coordinados.
- La activación neuronal escasa se logra a través de un equilibrio de inhibición sináptica generalizada y excitación específica de la neurona.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el reclutamiento selectivo de las células piramidales del hipocampo en la actividad de la red de patrones.
- Determinar el papel de la morfología axonal en la activación neuronal durante las oscilaciones de la red.
Principales métodos:
- Registros in vitro de alta resolución de las rebanadas del hipocampo.
- Registros in vivo de la actividad neuronal en ratones despiertos durante las oscilaciones onduladoras.
- Modelado por computadora de la dinámica de las redes neuronales.
Principales resultados:
- La probabilidad de picos durante las oscilaciones de ondulación es mayor en las células piramidales con orígenes de axones dendríticos basales en comparación con los orígenes somáticos.
- La entrada sináptica a la dendrita portadora de axones provoca picos que eluden la inhibición perisomática.
- El bloqueo de la inhibición somática activa las células piramidales con orígenes de axones somáticos durante las oscilaciones de ondulación.
Conclusiones:
- Las características morfológicas axonales, específicamente el origen del axón, determinan el reclutamiento de neuronas en conjuntos activos.
- Este mecanismo proporciona una base estructural para la activación neuronal selectiva y el procesamiento de información en el hipocampo.
- Comprender estos principios es crucial para descifrar la codificación neuronal y la dinámica de la red.
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