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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Restriction Enzymes01:11

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
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Codificación de la relación isotópica de los oligómeros definidos por secuencia

Márton Zwillinger1,2, Lucile Fischer3, Gergő Sályi1

  • 1Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, H-1031 Budapest, Hungary.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 7, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

Los científicos desarrollaron un nuevo método de codificación de la relación de isótopos utilizando monómeros etiquetados con deuterio para crear huellas moleculares únicas. Esta técnica permite la lectura de información de alta fidelidad a través de la espectrometría de masas, distinguiendo estructuras moleculares complejas.

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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Química analítica
  • Biotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El almacenamiento de información molecular a menudo se basa en secuencias de monómeros ordenados y espectrometría de masas.
  • Los métodos actuales pueden implicar fragmentación compleja o mezclas de moléculas para la recuperación de datos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir una estrategia alternativa de codificación de la relación de isótopos para el almacenamiento de información molecular.
  • Demostrar la capacidad de distinguir los oligómeros en función de sus patrones únicos de distribución de isótopos.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando monómeros etiquetados con deuterio para sintetizar cientos de oligómeros únicos.
  • El uso de la espectrometría de masas para reconocer patrones de distribución de isótopos distintos para la lectura de información.
  • Distinguir todos los 256 tetrámeros compuestos de cuatro monómeros diferentes utilizando bloques de construcción deuterados.

Principales resultados:

  • Información codificada y decodificada con éxito en oligómeros con alta fidelidad utilizando patrones de relación de isótopos.
  • Demostró la capacidad de diferenciar los tetrámeros en función de sus huellas dactilares de masa derivadas de los monómeros mono-, di-, tri- y tetradeutados.
  • Se confirmó la robustez del método frente a errores experimentales y su compatibilidad con la instrumentación estándar de espectrometría de masas.

Conclusiones:

  • La codificación de la relación de isótopos ofrece un método directo para escribir información en compuestos moleculares a través de la distribución de isotopólogos.
  • Este enfoque evita la necesidad de etiquetado adicional o el uso de mezclas moleculares.
  • La técnica tiene potencial para aplicaciones en codificación de identidad molecular y almacenamiento avanzado de datos.