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Examen de detección de depresión y riesgo de suicidio en niños y adolescentes: Declaración de recomendación del grupo
, Carol M Mangione1, Michael J Barry2
1University of California, Los Angeles.
JAMA
|October 11, 2022
Resumen
La detección del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) en adolescentes de 12 a 18 años ofrece beneficios moderados. La evidencia es insuficiente para los niños más pequeños o para evaluar el riesgo de suicidio en los jóvenes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- La medicina preventiva
- Psiquiatría Infantil y Adolescente
Sus antecedentes:
- La depresión es una causa importante de discapacidad en los jóvenes estadounidenses, que afecta el desarrollo y aumenta los riesgos de problemas de salud mental y suicidio en los adultos.
- El suicidio es la segunda causa de muerte entre las personas de 10 a 19 años, con problemas de salud mental existentes y intentos previos que aumentan el riesgo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente los beneficios, los daños y la precisión de la detección y el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) y el riesgo de suicidio en niños y adolescentes.
- Actualizar las recomendaciones para los entornos de atención primaria con respecto a la detección de depresión y riesgo de suicidio en los jóvenes.
Principales métodos:
- El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF) encargó una revisión sistemática.
- La revisión evaluó la evidencia sobre la precisión del cribado y los beneficios y daños del cribado y el tratamiento para el TDM y el riesgo de suicidio en poblaciones pediátricas.
Principales resultados:
- El cribado de MDD en adolescentes de 12 a 18 años da un beneficio neto moderado.
- La evidencia es insuficiente para determinar los beneficios y los daños de la detección de TDM en niños de 11 años o menos.
- La evidencia es insuficiente con respecto a los beneficios y daños de la detección del riesgo de suicidio en niños y adolescentes.
Conclusiones:
- El USPSTF recomienda el cribado de MDD en adolescentes de 12 a 18 años (recomendación B).
- El USPSTF concluyó que no existen pruebas suficientes para la detección de TDM en niños de 11 años o menos y para la detección del riesgo de suicidio en jóvenes.
- Se necesita más investigación para establecer pautas basadas en la evidencia para los niños más pequeños y la detección del riesgo de suicidio.
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