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Tendencias mundiales del uso de fósforo en las tierras de cultivo y desafíos de sostenibilidad

T Zou¹, X Zhang², E A Davidson¹

¹Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, USA.

|October 12, 2022

Resumen

La mejora de la eficiencia del uso del fósforo en los cultivos es crucial para la seguridad alimentaria y la sostenibilidad ambiental. El PUE global debe alcanzar el 68-81%, con progresos observados, pero los desafíos varían según el país.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Agrícolas
Ciencias del medio ambiente
Gestión de los nutrientes

Sus antecedentes:

La creciente demanda mundial de alimentos requiere una mayor producción de cultivos.
El aumento de la contaminación por fósforo (P) y la disminución de las reservas de roca P plantean desafíos importantes.
Comprensión limitada de las trayectorias históricas de la eficiencia de uso de P (PUE) y sus factores a escala nacional.

Objetivo del estudio:

Construir una base de datos completa del presupuesto de P y PUE de 1961-2019 por país y tipo de cultivo.
Analizar los factores socioeconómicos y agronómicos que influyen en las PUE nacionales.
Evaluar los progresos y identificar los retos y oportunidades específicos de cada país para mejorar la gestión de las tierras de cultivo.

Principales métodos:

Compilación de una base de datos a escala nacional sobre los presupuestos de los cultivos P y PUE (1961-2019).
Análisis estadístico para identificar los factores determinantes de la PUE, incluido el desarrollo económico y las carteras de cultivos.
Análisis comparativo de los desafíos y oportunidades de gestión de la P en diferentes países.

Principales resultados:

El PUE global en la producción vegetal requiere un aumento del 68-81% para satisfacer las demandas futuras de manera sostenible.
Las tendencias recientes muestran un progreso significativo hacia la mejora de la PUE a nivel mundial.
Existen variaciones significativas en los desafíos y oportunidades de gestión de P entre los países.

Conclusiones:

La mejora de la PUE es esencial para una agricultura sostenible, equilibrando la producción de alimentos con la protección del medio ambiente.
El desarrollo económico y la diversificación de los cultivos son factores clave que influyen en la PUE.
Se necesitan estrategias nacionales adaptadas para hacer frente a los diversos desafíos de la gestión del P y capitalizar las oportunidades en las tierras de cultivo.

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