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Ciencia, desinformación y el papel de la educación

Jonathan Osborne¹, Daniel Pimentel¹

¹Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 20, 2022

Resumen

Los no expertos necesitan habilidades para evaluar las afirmaciones científicas. La evaluación de la credibilidad de los argumentos basados en la ciencia es crucial para la toma de decisiones informadas por parte de "extranjeros competentes".

Área de la Ciencia:

Comunicación de las ciencias
Alfabetización de la información

Sus antecedentes:

La creciente prevalencia de la información basada en la ciencia en el discurso público requiere habilidades de evaluación crítica.
Comprender cómo los no expertos interactúan con la evidencia científica es vital para la difusión efectiva del conocimiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Definir las capacidades requeridas para que los "extranjeros competentes" evalúen críticamente los argumentos basados en la ciencia.
Identificar los indicadores clave de la evaluación de la credibilidad en la comunicación científica.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre la comunicación científica y los marcos de pensamiento crítico.
Análisis de estudios de caso que involucran el compromiso público con los hallazgos científicos.
Desarrollo de un modelo heurístico para evaluar la credibilidad de los argumentos científicos.

Principales resultados:

Los expertos externos requieren habilidades para identificar falacias lógicas y comprender la incertidumbre científica.
Reconocer la credibilidad de la fuente y los posibles sesgos son componentes esenciales de la evaluación.
Las estrategias eficaces de comunicación científica deben facilitar y no obstaculizar este proceso de evaluación.

Conclusiones:

Empoderar a los "externos competentes" para evaluar los argumentos científicos aumenta la confianza del público y la toma de decisiones informadas.
Las iniciativas educativas deben centrarse en el desarrollo de habilidades de evaluación crítica de la información basada en la ciencia.
La investigación futura debería explorar la aplicación práctica de estas habilidades de evaluación en diversos contextos.

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