La muerte de las células tumorales del colon causa dependencia de mTOR por estimulación paracrina P2X4
Mark Schmitt1,2,3, Fatih Ceteci1,2, Jalaj Gupta1,2,4
1Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Nature
|November 17, 2022
Resumen
Las células cancerosas moribundas desencadenan una vía de supervivencia en las células tumorales vecinas a través de la liberación de ATP y la activación del receptor P2X4. Esto crea una vulnerabilidad a los inhibidores de mTOR, ofreciendo una nueva estrategia de terapia combinada para los tumores sólidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Biología celular
- La medicina molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los tumores sólidos mantienen el crecimiento a través de un equilibrio de muerte celular y proliferación.
- Las células cancerosas moribundas pueden activar programas de reparación pro-tumorigénicos en el microambiente tumoral.
- El impacto directo de las células cancerosas moribundas en las células tumorales vecinas y la resistencia a la terapia sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos directos de la muerte de las células cancerosas inducida por la quimioterapia en el epitelio tumoral vecino.
- Aclarar los mecanismos por los que las células moribundas contribuyen a la resistencia a la terapia.
- Identificar posibles objetivos terapéuticos para las terapias combinadas.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron organoides de tumores colorrectales derivados del paciente.
- Se investigó la liberación de ATP, la activación del receptor P2X4 y las vías de señalización mTOR.
- Se evaluó el papel de las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y el daño al ADN.
- Terapias combinadas evaluadas que incluyen quimioterapia, inhibición de P2X4 y bloqueo de mTOR.
Principales resultados:
- La muerte celular inducida por la quimioterapia libera ATP, activando los receptores P2X4 y un programa de supervivencia dependiente de mTOR en las células cancerosas vecinas.
- Esto crea un
- Adicción al mTOR
- en las células supervivientes debido a la producción de ROS y daño en el ADN.
- La inhibición de P2X4 o mTOR sinergiza con la quimioterapia, causando una muerte celular significativa y una regresión tumoral.
- La eliminación de ROS evita la dependencia de la activación de mTOR.
Conclusiones:
- Las células cancerosas moribundas inducen una dependencia de las vías antiapoptóticas en las células tumorales sobrevivientes.
- La orientación del receptor P2X4 o la vía mTOR junto con la quimioterapia ofrece una estrategia de terapia combinada prometedora.
- Este enfoque es particularmente relevante para los tumores epiteliales que expresan P2X4.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.9K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.9K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...
3.8K
Abnormal Proliferation
4.6K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.6K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
6.4K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.4K
Overview of Cell Death
7.5K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
7.5K
Metastasis
5.6K
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
5.6K


