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Los incendios forestales de Australia agotaron la capa de ozono
Ross J Salawitch1,2,3, Laura A McBride1,2,4
1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
Resumen
Los incendios forestales desencadenan reacciones químicas que agotan la capa de ozono estratosférica. Esta investigación detalla los mecanismos detrás del humo de los incendios forestales
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de la atmósfera
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
Sus antecedentes:
- La capa de ozono estratosférica protege a la Tierra de la dañina radiación ultravioleta (UV).
- Los incendios forestales están aumentando en frecuencia e intensidad a nivel mundial.
- Investigaciones anteriores han sugerido impactos potenciales del humo de los incendios forestales en la química atmosférica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos específicos por los que las emisiones de incendios forestales afectan a la capa de ozono estratosférica.
- Cuantificar el potencial de agotamiento del ozono de los contaminantes atmosféricos relacionados con los incendios forestales.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado atmosférico utilizado para simular las transformaciones químicas de los constituyentes de humo de incendios forestales en la estratosfera.
- Se analizaron datos satelitales para correlacionar los incendios forestales con los cambios observados en las concentraciones de ozono.
- Utilizó experimentos de laboratorio para determinar las tasas de reacción de las especies clave.
Principales resultados:
- Compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV) y óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) específicos identificados de los incendios forestales que catalizan la destrucción del ozono.
- Se ha observado una disminución significativa de la capa de ozono tras grandes incendios forestales.
- Cuantificó la contribución de los aerosoles derivados de los incendios forestales a las vías heterogéneas de pérdida de ozono.
Conclusiones:
- Las emisiones de incendios forestales representan una amenaza significativa, previamente subestimada, para la integridad de la capa de ozono estratosférica.
- La comprensión de estos mecanismos es crucial para predecir la futura recuperación del ozono y la composición atmosférica.
- La mitigación de los impactos de los incendios forestales es esencial para la protección del ozono estratosférico.
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