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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 17, 2026

Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector
12:08

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Published on: March 28, 2018

El transposón Tn9 genera una secuencia repetida de 9 bp durante la integración.

L Johnsrud, M P Calos, J H Miller

    Cell
    |December 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Resumen

    El transposón Tn9 se integra en el lac operón de E. coli en múltiples sitios, formando regiones preferidas. La inserción está vinculada a una repetición de ADN huésped de 9 pares de bases generada durante el proceso.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
    • Genética La genética.
    • Microbiología Microbiología.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El operón lac en Escherichia coli es un sistema genético bien estudiado para comprender la regulación génica.
    • Los elementos transponibles, como el transposón Tn9, son secuencias móviles de ADN que pueden alterar la función génica y la estructura del genoma.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Mapear genéticamente y físicamente las inserciones del transposón Tn9 dentro del operón lac de E. coli.
    • Para caracterizar las características de la secuencia asociadas con la integración de Tn9 en el genoma del huésped.

    Principales métodos:

    • Mapeo genético de 70 inserciones Tn9 en los genes lacI y lacZ.
    • Mapeo de restricciones para analizar los sitios de inserción.
    • Secuenciación de ADN de tres inserciones Tn9 independientes.

    Principales resultados:

    • Tn9 demostró la inserción en al menos 50 sitios distintos dentro de los genes lacI y lacZ, originados en un punto cromosómico común.
    • El análisis reveló regiones de inserción preferidas, caracterizadas por múltiples puntos de integración dentro de áreas localizadas.
    • El análisis de secuencias mostró que la integración de Tn9 está asociada con una repetición directa de 9 pares de bases del ADN del huésped, generado durante la inserción.

    Conclusiones:

    • El transposón Tn9 exhibe especificidad de sitio en su integración en el operón lac de E. coli, con sitios objetivo preferidos pero múltiples.
    • El mecanismo de integración de Tn9 implica la generación de una repetición directa corta de la secuencia de ADN del huésped en la unión de inserción.