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Las vías de alivio del dolor específicas de las capas que se originan en la corteza motora primaria

Zheng Gan1, Vijayan Gangadharan1, Sheng Liu1

  • 1Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 22, 2022
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La corteza motora primaria (M1) utiliza vías distintas para controlar el dolor neuropático. Una vía reduce el dolor

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Investigación del dolor
  • Función de la corteza motora

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se sabe que la corteza motora primaria (M1) controla el movimiento voluntario.
  • El papel de M1 en la modulación del dolor está establecido, pero sus circuitos neuronales específicos no están claros.
  • El dolor neuropático incluye componentes sensoriales y emocionales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar las distintas vías neuronales que se originan en M1 que modulan el dolor neuropático.
  • Para entender cómo M1 influye en los aspectos sensoriales y emocionales del dolor.
  • Identificar posibles objetivos terapéuticos dentro de los circuitos M1 para el alivio del dolor.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó técnicas optogenéticas y quimiogenéticas en modelos de roedores de dolor neuropático.
  • Proyecciones neuronales investigadas desde M1 a regiones cerebrales específicas, incluido el núcleo accumbens, la zona incerta y el gris periacueductal.
  • Se evaluó el impacto de la activación o inhibición de poblaciones neuronales M1 específicas en el comportamiento del dolor y el procesamiento sensorial.

Principales resultados:

  • Descubrió una nueva vía M1 que involucra neuronas de capa 6 que se proyectan hacia el tálamo mediodorsal y el núcleo accumbens, que suprime la valencia emocional negativa en el dolor neuropático.
  • Identificó una vía M1 separada que involucra a las neuronas de la capa 5 que se proyectan a la zona incerta y gris periacueductal, lo que reduce la hipersensibilidad sensorial sin afectar el efecto del dolor.
  • Se demostró que estas vías específicas de la capa regulan diferencialmente los componentes sensoriales y emocionales del dolor neuropático.

Conclusiones:

  • La corteza motora primaria emplea circuitos específicos de capas para controlar independientemente las dimensiones sensoriales y emocionales del dolor neuropático.
  • Dirigirse a la vía del tálamo-núcleo accumbens de la capa M1 puede aliviar el sufrimiento afectivo asociado con el dolor.
  • La orientación hacia la vía gris incerta-periaductal de la capa M1 puede reducir la hipersensibilidad al dolor.
  • Estos hallazgos ofrecen nuevas estrategias para desarrollar intervenciones específicas de alivio del dolor mediante la modulación de circuitos M1 específicos.