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Las vías de alivio del dolor específicas de las capas que se originan en la corteza motora primaria
Zheng Gan1, Vijayan Gangadharan1, Sheng Liu1
1Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 22, 2022
Resumen
La corteza motora primaria (M1) utiliza vías distintas para controlar el dolor neuropático. Una vía reduce el dolor
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Investigación del dolor
- Función de la corteza motora
Sus antecedentes:
- Se sabe que la corteza motora primaria (M1) controla el movimiento voluntario.
- El papel de M1 en la modulación del dolor está establecido, pero sus circuitos neuronales específicos no están claros.
- El dolor neuropático incluye componentes sensoriales y emocionales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar las distintas vías neuronales que se originan en M1 que modulan el dolor neuropático.
- Para entender cómo M1 influye en los aspectos sensoriales y emocionales del dolor.
- Identificar posibles objetivos terapéuticos dentro de los circuitos M1 para el alivio del dolor.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó técnicas optogenéticas y quimiogenéticas en modelos de roedores de dolor neuropático.
- Proyecciones neuronales investigadas desde M1 a regiones cerebrales específicas, incluido el núcleo accumbens, la zona incerta y el gris periacueductal.
- Se evaluó el impacto de la activación o inhibición de poblaciones neuronales M1 específicas en el comportamiento del dolor y el procesamiento sensorial.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrió una nueva vía M1 que involucra neuronas de capa 6 que se proyectan hacia el tálamo mediodorsal y el núcleo accumbens, que suprime la valencia emocional negativa en el dolor neuropático.
- Identificó una vía M1 separada que involucra a las neuronas de la capa 5 que se proyectan a la zona incerta y gris periacueductal, lo que reduce la hipersensibilidad sensorial sin afectar el efecto del dolor.
- Se demostró que estas vías específicas de la capa regulan diferencialmente los componentes sensoriales y emocionales del dolor neuropático.
Conclusiones:
- La corteza motora primaria emplea circuitos específicos de capas para controlar independientemente las dimensiones sensoriales y emocionales del dolor neuropático.
- Dirigirse a la vía del tálamo-núcleo accumbens de la capa M1 puede aliviar el sufrimiento afectivo asociado con el dolor.
- La orientación hacia la vía gris incerta-periaductal de la capa M1 puede reducir la hipersensibilidad al dolor.
- Estos hallazgos ofrecen nuevas estrategias para desarrollar intervenciones específicas de alivio del dolor mediante la modulación de circuitos M1 específicos.
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