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Las cataratas

Maria Vittoria Cicinelli1, John C Buchan2, Maneck Nicholson3

  • 1School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

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|December 24, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La catarata causa ceguera global, pero es tratable y evitable. Mejorar el acceso a una cirugía de cataratas rentable a través de la cobertura sanitaria universal es clave para reducir la discapacidad visual en todo el mundo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Oftalmología
  • Salud pública
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La catarata es la principal causa de ceguera en todo el mundo, afectando a 94 millones de personas y disminuyendo la calidad de vida.
  • El envejecimiento y el estrés oxidativo son las principales causas de cataratas relacionadas con la edad, junto con factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables.
  • La mayoría de la ceguera es evitable, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones accesibles y efectivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para revisar el panorama actual de la ceguera por cataratas.
  • Para discutir la eficacia y la rentabilidad de la cirugía de cataratas.
  • Identificar los desafíos y las soluciones para el acceso universal a los servicios quirúrgicos de cataratas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura sobre las estadísticas mundiales de ceguera y la epidemiología de la catarata.
  • Análisis de las modalidades de tratamiento de la catarata, centrado en la facoemulsificación con implantación de lentes intraoculares.
  • Examen de las tendencias en los servicios quirúrgicos de cataratas y las barreras de acceso.

Principales resultados:

  • La facoemulsificación con implantación de lente intraocular es un tratamiento altamente efectivo y rentable para la catarata.
  • Los servicios integrales de cirugía de cataratas se están expandiendo, pero persisten importantes desigualdades mundiales.
  • Los avances en la tecnología quirúrgica y la evaluación preoperatoria permiten una intervención más temprana y mejores resultados.

Conclusiones:

  • Los servicios de cirugía de cataratas accesibles y equitativos son cruciales para reducir la ceguera global.
  • La cobertura sanitaria universal es esencial para superar las barreras existentes y garantizar un acceso generalizado.
  • Se necesitan estrategias de innovación e implementación continuas para abordar la carga global de la discapacidad visual inducida por las cataratas.