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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

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Bases estructurales para la terminación intrínseca de la transcripción

Linlin You1,2, Expery O Omollo3, Chengzhi Yu1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Nature
|January 11, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores visualizaron la terminación intrínseca bacteriana, revelando cómo la ARN polimerasa hace una pausa, pliega las horquillas de ARN y rebobina el ADN para liberar ARN. Este mecanismo estructural es clave para la terminación de la transcripción génica en todos los organismos.

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Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Biología estructural
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transcripción génica requiere una terminación eficiente y precisa en todos los organismos.
  • La terminación intrínseca independiente de factores es una vía conservada en bacterias y eucariotas.
  • Este proceso implica que la ARN polimerasa reconozca las secuencias terminadoras y libere el ARN naciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar el mecanismo estructural de la terminación intrínseca bacteriana.
  • Para visualizar los estados intermedios del complejo de terminación de la transcripción.
  • Para entender el camino de la liberación de ARN y el colapso del ADN.

Principales métodos:

  • Microscopía criolectrónica de una sola partícula (cryo-EM).
  • Análisis estructural de los complejos de terminación de transcripción de Escherichia coli.
  • Visualización de los estados intermedios clave.

Principales resultados:

  • Se obtuvieron estructuras detalladas de complejos de terminación intrínseca de la transcripción de E. coli.
  • Se revelaron los mecanismos de pausa de la ARN polimerasa en las secuencias terminadoras.
  • Se visualizó el plegamiento de las horquillas de ARN terminador y el rebobinado del ADN durante la liberación de ARN.

Conclusiones:

  • Se ha definido un mecanismo estructural integral para la terminación intrínseca bacteriana.
  • El estudio proporciona información sobre la liberación de ARN y el colapso del ADN relevantes para la terminación independiente de factores.
  • Estos hallazgos son aplicables a las polimerasas de ARN en todas las formas de vida.