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Los errores de desajuste entre el fenotipo y el medio ambiente mejoran la aptitud vital de las ardillas rojas
Lauren Petrullo1, Stan Boutin2, Jeffrey E Lane3
1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 19, 2023
Resumen
Los desajustes de fenotipo y entorno en las ardillas rojas muestran que sobreestimar las señales de alimentos mejora la aptitud vital. Si no se aumenta el esfuerzo reproductivo cuando la comida es escasa, se incurre en graves costos de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología
- Biología evolutiva
- El comportamiento de los animales
Sus antecedentes:
- Los organismos enfrentan costos de aptitud cuando sus rasgos (fenotipo) no coinciden con su entorno.
- Comprender estos desajustes es crucial para predecir las respuestas de las especies a los cambios ambientales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los costos de los diferentes tipos de errores de desajuste fenotipo-ambiente en las ardillas rojas silvestres.
- Para determinar si los costos de error asimétricos explican los sesgos adaptativos en respuesta a las señales ambientales.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió ardillas rojas salvajes y su esfuerzo reproductivo en respuesta a señales ambientales para la disponibilidad de alimentos.
- Evaluó las consecuencias a corto plazo y a lo largo de la vida de la sobreproducción y la subproducción del esfuerzo reproductivo.
Principales resultados:
- Las madres que sobreestimaron la disponibilidad de alimentos (aumentando el esfuerzo cuando no ocurrió ninguno) tuvieron mejor éxito cuando los alimentos estaban presentes.
- Las madres que subestimaron la disponibilidad de alimentos (que no aumentaron el esfuerzo cuando los alimentos estaban presentes) incurrieron en costos de aptitud significativos durante toda la vida.
Conclusiones:
- Los costos asimétricos de los errores de desajuste pueden conducir a sesgos adaptativos, favoreciendo la sobreestimación de las señales ambientales.
- En entornos fluctuantes, un sesgo para sobreestimar las señales puede ser una estrategia adaptativa para evitar el error más costoso de la subestimación, mejorando la aptitud general.
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