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Avanzar en un solo hombre-animal-medio ambiente Salud para la seguridad sanitaria mundial: ¿qué dicen las pruebas?
Jakob Zinsstag1, Andrea Kaiser-Grolimund2, Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa3
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 22, 2023
Resumen
Los enfoques One Health, que integran la salud humana, animal y ambiental, mejoran la seguridad de la salud mundial al mejorar la prevención y la detección temprana de enfermedades. El fortalecimiento de la coordinación multisectorial es clave para maximizar estos beneficios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Seguridad de la salud mundial
- Salud pública
- Medicina Veterinaria
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
Sus antecedentes:
- One Health es un enfoque colaborativo que aborda los riesgos en la interfaz hombre-animal-medio ambiente.
- La seguridad sanitaria mundial se ve cada vez más amenazada por peligros complejos e interconectados para la salud.
- Los marcos de seguimiento existentes ofrecen vías para integrar los principios de "Una sola salud".
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las contribuciones de los enfoques de "Una sola salud" a la seguridad sanitaria mundial.
- Para resumir la evidencia contemporánea de los beneficios incrementales de One Health.
- Evaluar la integración de One Health en los sistemas internacionales de seguimiento de la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura y los fundamentos teóricos de One Health.
- Análisis de los informes de One Health en las organizaciones internacionales (FAO, WOAH, OMS).
- Examen de estudios de caso en varios sectores de la salud.
Principales resultados:
- Los enfoques de One Health demuestran beneficios incrementales en áreas como el control de las zoonosis, la seguridad alimentaria y la vigilancia de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.
- Estos enfoques son los más eficaces para prevenir, prepararse y detectar riesgos en evolución.
- La base de pruebas más sólida existe para el control de las enfermedades tropicales endémicas y descuidadas.
Conclusiones:
- One Health contribuye significativamente a mejorar la seguridad sanitaria mundial y a gestionar diversos riesgos para la salud.
- La mejora de la operacionalización mediante el fortalecimiento de la coordinación multisectorial es crucial para maximizar los beneficios de One Health.
- Se recomienda una mayor integración en los marcos nacionales, regionales y mundiales para lograr un impacto sostenido.
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