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¿Qué tan preparado está el mundo? Identificación de debilidades en los marcos de evaluación existentes para la
Tieble Traore1, Sarah Shanks2, Najmul Haider3
1WHO Emergency Preparedness and Response Cluster, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Dakar Hub, Dakar, Senegal.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 22, 2023
Resumen
Las evaluaciones actuales de emergencias de salud pública son inadecuadas. Un enfoque de una sola salud, que integre el bienestar humano, animal y del ecosistema, es crucial para las estrategias integrales de preparación y respuesta.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Ecología
- Medicina Veterinaria
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de COVID-19 puso de relieve las limitaciones en los actuales marcos de preparación y respuesta de emergencias de salud pública.
- Las evaluaciones existentes a menudo pasan por alto los complejos determinantes sociales, económicos, políticos, regulatorios y ecológicos de la salud.
- Se necesitan marcos más completos para hacer frente a las amenazas para la salud interconectadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los marcos de evaluación existentes para las emergencias de salud pública.
- Proponer mejoras utilizando el enfoque de "Una sola salud".
- Abogar por un alcance más amplio en las evaluaciones de seguridad sanitaria.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los marcos actuales de evaluación de la seguridad sanitaria, incluida la evaluación externa conjunta del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional.
- Aplicación del marco "Una sola salud" para evaluar las herramientas existentes y proponer nuevas metodologías.
- Tener en cuenta los factores sociales, económicos, políticos, normativos y ecológicos en las evaluaciones de emergencias sanitarias.
Principales resultados:
- Los marcos existentes tienen un alcance insuficiente y no incorporan adecuadamente los sistemas complejos.
- El enfoque de "Una sola salud" ofrece una lente valiosa para analizar y mejorar las herramientas de evaluación.
- Se requiere un aumento significativo de la ambición para que las evaluaciones de seguridad sanitaria sean efectivas.
Conclusiones:
- Los marcos de evaluación de la seguridad sanitaria deben adoptar una perspectiva de salud única, teniendo en cuenta la salud humana, animal y del ecosistema.
- Las evaluaciones deben tener en cuenta los factores antropogénicos, los entornos sociopolíticos y las perspectivas de las partes interesadas.
- Los futuros marcos deben dar prioridad a la creación de capacidades y evaluar las intervenciones basadas en el valor añadido, las compensaciones y los beneficios colaterales en todos los sistemas de salud.
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