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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
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La codificación celular de la temperatura en la corteza de los mamíferos

M Vestergaard1,2, M Carta3,4,5, G Güney6,7,8

  • 1Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. mikkel.vestergaard@mdc-berlin.de.

Nature
|February 9, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores identificaron regiones específicas del cerebro en ratones que procesan las sensaciones de temperatura. La corteza insular posterior (pIC) parece ser el área principal para codificar estímulos fríos y cálidos, distintos del tacto.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Fisiología sensorial
  • La somatosensibilidad

Sus antecedentes:

  • La temperatura es una modalidad sensorial distinta del tacto, con vías neuronales especializadas.
  • La representación cortical de la temperatura no dolorosa sigue siendo en gran medida desconocida, con un debate en torno a una "corteza térmica" dedicada.
  • Investigaciones anteriores han identificado neuronas corticales limitadas que responden a los estímulos térmicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la codificación cortical de estímulos de temperatura no dolorosos (enfriamiento y calentamiento).
  • Identificar regiones específicas del cerebro y poblaciones neuronales responsables de la percepción térmica.
  • Para determinar las características espaciales y temporales de las representaciones térmicas en la corteza.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó técnicas de imagen de calcio de campo amplio y de dos fotones en un modelo de pata delantera de ratón.
  • Actividad neuronal registrada en respuesta a estímulos controlados de enfriamiento y calentamiento.
  • Se utilizaron técnicas de manipulación reversibles para evaluar el impacto en la percepción térmica.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han identificado poblaciones distintas de neuronas corticales que responden al enfriamiento y/o al calentamiento.
  • Se observó una representación de estímulos fríos en la corteza somatosensorial primaria, pero no calientes.
  • Encontró representaciones robustas y organizadas somatotópicamente de estímulos fríos y cálidos en la corteza insular posterior (pIC).

Conclusiones:

  • La corteza insular posterior (pIC) sirve como el área cortical primaria para representar la temperatura de la piel.
  • La información de temperatura fría y cálida se codifica claramente dentro del pIC, incluso dentro de las mismas neuronas.
  • Estos hallazgos proporcionan información sobre cómo el cerebro genera sensaciones distintas de frío y calor.