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El derretimiento heterogéneo cerca de la línea de conexión a tierra del glaciar Thwaites
B E Schmidt1,2, P Washam3,4, P E D Davis5
1Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. britneys@cornell.edu.
Nature
|February 15, 2023
Resumen
El glaciar Thwaites se está retirando debido a que el agua cálida del océano derrite su plataforma de hielo. Este estudio revela que el derretimiento dependiente de la pendiente en la línea de conexión a tierra es un factor clave de la pérdida de hielo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Glaciología
- La oceanografía
- Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- El glaciar Thwaites es crítico para la estabilidad de la capa de hielo de la Antártida Occidental.
- Su línea de tierra es vulnerable al calentamiento del océano, causando potencialmente una retirada desbocada.
- La reciente aceleración y retroceso del hielo indican una pérdida continua de hielo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los mecanismos del derretimiento de la plataforma de hielo en el glaciar Thwaites.
- Para entender el impacto del calentamiento del océano en el retroceso de los glaciares.
- Para cuantificar las tasas de derretimiento en la escala de la plataforma de hielo.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones de vehículos submarinos de la plataforma de hielo oriental de Thwaites (TEIS).
- Datos recogidos desde la línea de conexión a tierra a 3 km hacia el océano.
- Las mediciones de la topografía de la base de hielo, la temperatura del océano y los patrones de fusión.
Principales resultados:
- Retirada sostenida de la línea de conexión a tierra observada desde 2011 hasta 2020.
- Agua cálida del océano (> 2 °C por encima del punto de congelación) presente en la cavidad de hielo.
- Mejora de la fusión en pendientes y terrazas de hielo empinadas, con supresión de la fusión en interfaces planas.
Conclusiones:
- El derretimiento dependiente de la pendiente da forma significativamente a la base del hielo.
- Este mecanismo de fusión es una respuesta clave al calentamiento del océano en el glaciar Thwaites.
- Comprender estos procesos es crucial para predecir la pérdida de hielo en el futuro.
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