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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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El merbecovirus del pangolín se reduce a lo básico

Stuart J D Neil1

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, King's College London, London, UK.

Cell
|February 21, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

El tráfico de mamíferos vivos plantea un riesgo de virus zoonóticos. Un nuevo estudio encontró un coronavirus relacionado con el MERS en pangolines traficados, que exhiben una amplia adaptabilidad de mamíferos y un nuevo sitio de escisión de furin.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Virología
  • Enfermedades zoonóticas
  • Comercio de especies silvestres

Sus antecedentes:

  • El tráfico de mamíferos vivos es una vía importante para la aparición de virus zoonóticos.
  • Los pangolines, los mamíferos más traficados a nivel mundial, se han relacionado previamente con los coronavirus relacionados con el SARS-CoV-2.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la presencia y las características de los coronavirus en los pangolines traficados.
  • Para evaluar el potencial zoonótico de los coronavirus identificados.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis filogenético del material genético viral.
  • Análisis in silico de las estructuras y funciones de las proteínas virales.

Principales resultados:

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  • Identificación de un coronavirus relacionado con el MERS en pangolines traficados.
  • El coronavirus identificado demuestra un amplio tropismo en varias especies de mamíferos.
  • Se detectó un sitio de escisión de furin recién adquirido en la proteína Spike del coronavirus relacionado con MERS.

    • Conclusiones:

    • Los pangolines traficados albergan coronavirus relacionados con el MERS con un potencial zoonótico significativo.
    • La presencia de un sitio de escisión de furin sugiere una mayor capacidad de entrada y transmisión viral.
    • Este hallazgo subraya la necesidad urgente de mejorar la vigilancia y la regulación del comercio de especies silvestres para mitigar los riesgos de pandemia.