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Historia del bajo salario por hora y la mortalidad por cualquier causa entre los trabajadores de mediana edad
Katrina L Kezios1, Peiyi Lu1, Sebastian Calonico2
1Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
JAMA
|February 22, 2023
Resumen
El salario bajo sostenido está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad, especialmente cuando se combina con la inestabilidad del empleo. Las políticas que apoyan a los trabajadores de bajos salarios pueden mejorar las tasas de supervivencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bajos salarios son una preocupación creciente para la salud pública.
- Existen investigaciones limitadas sobre los impactos a largo plazo en la salud del empleo consistente de bajos salarios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre los salarios bajos sostenidos y la mortalidad.
- Analizar esta asociación en trabajadores de mediana edad utilizando datos longitudinales.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal de 4002 trabajadores estadounidenses mayores de 50 años del Estudio de Salud y Jubilación (1992-2018).
- Historial de salarios bajos categorizado (nunca, intermitente, sostenido) basado en salarios por hora reportados cada dos años.
- Utilizó modelos de regresión de riesgos proporcionales y de riesgos aditivos de Cox, ajustando los factores sociodemográficos, económicos y de salud.
Principales resultados:
- El salario bajo sostenido se asoció con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad (HR, 1.35) y un exceso de muertes.
- La asociación fue más fuerte cuando los salarios bajos coincidieron con la inestabilidad del empleo (HR, 2.18).
- Los hallazgos se atenuaron parcialmente después de ajustar las covariables.
Conclusiones:
- El salario bajo sostenido puede elevar el riesgo de mortalidad, especialmente con un empleo inestable.
- Esto sugiere beneficios potenciales de las políticas sociales y económicas, como aumentos del salario mínimo, para mejorar los resultados de la mortalidad de los trabajadores.
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