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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber
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Pyrocumulonimbus afecta a la composición promedio de los aerosoles en la estratosfera

J M Katich1,2, E C Apel3, I Bourgeois1,2

  • 1National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 23, 2023
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las nubes de pirocumulonimbus (pyroCb) generadas por los incendios forestales inyectan humo en la estratosfera. Estos piroCb contribuyen significativamente a los aerosoles estratosféricos, con el potencial de tener impactos climáticos dominantes en el futuro.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias atmosféricas
  • Ciencias del clima
  • Ciencia de los aerosoles

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las nubes pirocumulonimbus (pyroCb), formadas por incendios forestales, inyectan humo en la estratosfera.
  • Los impactos climáticos del piroCb son inciertos debido a su naturaleza episódica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Cuantificar la contribución del humo de piroCb al presupuesto de aerosoles estratosféricos.
  • Para comprender la influencia a largo plazo de la actividad de piroCb en los aerosoles estratosféricos.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 13 años de observaciones en el aire.
  • Mediciones in situ de las propiedades del humo del piroCb.

Principales resultados:

  • El humo de piroCb exhibe propiedades de aerosol distintivas y estables.
  • PyroCb contribuye con el 10-25% del carbono negro y los aerosoles orgánicos en la estratosfera inferior actual.
  • Los impactos se observan tanto en el hemisferio norte como en el sur.

Conclusiones:

  • PyroCb influye significativamente en el presupuesto de aerosoles estratosféricos.
  • El aumento de la frecuencia o magnitud del piroCb en los climas futuros podría conducir a tendencias dominantes de aerosoles estratosféricos.