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Cambio del período orbital de Dimorphos debido al impacto cinético DART
Cristina A Thomas1, Shantanu P Naidu2, Peter Scheirich3
1Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA. cristina.thomas@nau.edu.
Nature
|March 1, 2023
Resumen
La misión de prueba de redirección de asteroides dobles (DART) alteró con éxito la órbita de un asteroide. El impacto cinético de la nave espacial DART acortó el período orbital de Dimorphos en 33 minutos, significativamente más de lo previsto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias
- La astrodinámica
- Física del impacto
Sus antecedentes:
- La misión Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) tenía como objetivo probar la tecnología de impacto cinético para la desviación de asteroides.
- Dimorphos, una luna del asteroide Didymos, fue el objetivo de este experimento sin precedentes.
- Los parámetros orbitales previos al impacto se determinaron con precisión utilizando años de observaciones de la curva de luz.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar el cambio medido en el período orbital de Dimorphos tras el impacto cinético DART.
- Para analizar la transferencia de impulso y su efecto en la órbita del asteroide.
- Para investigar el papel de la eyección en la mejora de la transferencia de impulso.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó las observaciones de la curva de luz para determinar con precisión los parámetros orbitales previos al impacto.
- Empleó observaciones de curva de luz y radar basadas en la Tierra para medir el cambio de período orbital posterior al impacto.
- Se analizó la dinámica del impacto, teniendo en cuenta los factores de mejora del impulso.
Principales resultados:
- El período orbital de Dimorphos fue cambiado en -33,0 ± 1,0 (3σ) minutos.
- Dos enfoques de observación independientes (curva de luz y radar) arrojaron resultados idénticos para el cambio de período.
- El cambio de período observado fue significativamente mayor de lo previsto para una colisión perfectamente inelástica.
Conclusiones:
- El impacto cinético del DART tuvo éxito en desviar el asteroide Dimorphos.
- El cambio sustancial del período orbital indica una mejora significativa del impulso más allá del impulso incidente de la nave espacial.
- La eyección generada durante el impacto jugó un papel crucial en el aumento de la transferencia de impulso, contribuyendo a la desviación observada.
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