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Impacto cinético exitoso en un asteroide para la defensa planetaria
R Terik Daly1, Carolyn M Ernst2, Olivier S Barnouin2
1Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA. terik.daly@jhuapl.edu.
Nature
|March 1, 2023
Resumen
La NASA también.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias
- La astrodinámica
- Ingeniería de Misiones Espaciales
Sus antecedentes:
- El catálogo de asteroides cercanos a la Tierra es incompleto para objetos potencialmente devastadores.
- Las estrategias de mitigación del impacto de asteroides incluyen la desviación y la interrupción.
- La tecnología de impacto cinético es una misión espacial de alta prioridad para la mitigación de asteroides.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para informar sobre el impacto cinético de la misión de prueba de redirección doble de asteroides (DART) de la NASA.
- Para reconstruir el evento de impacto DART en el asteroide Dimorphos.
- Para evaluar la viabilidad de la tecnología de impactor cinético para la defensa planetaria.
Principales métodos:
- La nave espacial DART impactó de forma autónoma con el asteroide cercano a la Tierra Dimorphos, parte del sistema binario Didymos (65803).
- La reconstrucción del evento de impacto incluyó la línea de tiempo, las características del sitio de impacto y el tamaño y la forma de Dimorphos.
- Los telescopios terrestres cuantificaron la desviación del asteroide como resultado del impacto cinético.
Principales resultados:
- La nave espacial DART impactó con éxito en Dimorphos.
- El impacto resultó en un cambio medible en la órbita de Dimorphos alrededor de Didymos.
- Se caracterizó el sitio de impacto DART en Dimorphos.
Conclusiones:
- La tecnología de impactor cinético es un método viable para la desviación de asteroides.
- La misión DART demostró una capacidad clave para la defensa potencial de la Tierra contra las amenazas de asteroides.
- Se requiere un mayor estudio de las interacciones y la desviación de los asteroides.
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