Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Aug 8, 2025
06:18
Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
Published on: November 30, 2021
4.0K
Paleogenómica de los cazadores-recolectores europeos del Paleolítico Superior al Neolítico
Cosimo Posth1,2,3, He Yu4,5, Ayshin Ghalichi6
1Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. cosimo.posth@uni-tuebingen.de.
Nature
|March 1, 2023
Resumen
Los genomas de los cazadores-recolectores europeos antiguos revelan perfiles genéticos distintos a través de las regiones y el tiempo. Un perfil de ascendencia clave persistió durante el Último Máximo Glacial, mientras que otro se extendió por toda Europa, reemplazando en gran medida los grupos genéticos anteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleogenética
- Arqueogenómica
- La prehistoria europea
Sus antecedentes:
- Los humanos modernos han habitado Europa por más de 45.000 años.
- La comprensión de la antigua genética de los cazadores-recolectores está limitada por los escasos restos mal conservados.
- El análisis genómico proporciona información crucial sobre la dinámica y la relación de las poblaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir el paisaje genético de los antiguos cazadores-recolectores europeos.
- Identificar continuidades genéticas y pérdidas en diferentes culturas y períodos de tiempo arqueológicos.
- Investigar los movimientos de población y los eventos de mezcla durante el Paleolítico Superior y el Mesolítico.
Principales métodos:
- El análisis de 356 genomas de cazadores-recolectores antiguos.
- Inclusión de nuevos datos genómicos de 116 individuos de todo el oeste y el centro de Eurasia.
- Datamiento por radiocarbono y análisis de ADN antiguo (ADN) para perfiles genéticos.
Principales resultados:
- Identificación de una ascendencia distinta del Paleolítico Superior asociada con el Gravetiano en Europa occidental, que se asemeja a las poblaciones aurignacianas anteriores.
- La evidencia de esta ascendencia persiste a través del Último Máximo Glacial en el suroeste de Europa (culturas solutrean y magdalenianas).
- La rotación genética en el sur de Europa alrededor del Último Máximo Glacial, con poblaciones asociadas a Epigravettian dispersándose hacia el norte y reemplazando en gran medida el acervo genético de Magdalenian hace 14,000 años.
Conclusiones:
- Las antiguas poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores europeos exhibieron una diferenciación genética regional significativa y una dinámica temporal.
- Los perfiles de ascendencia específicos demostraron resistencia a través de los períodos glaciales y se sometieron a importantes reemplazos.
- La Europa postglacial vio interacciones y mezclas entre distintos grupos de cazadores-recolectores occidentales y orientales con notables diferencias fenotípicas.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
6.0K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.0K
01:24Eukaryotic Evolution
35.3K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
35.3K
02:56The Fossil Record
25.3K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
25.3K
00:58Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes
47.2K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
47.2K
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.2K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.2K
02:02Genomics
36.7K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
36.7K