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El enanismo y el gigantismo conducen a extinciones mediadas por el hombre en las islas

Roberto Rozzi^1,2, Mark V Lomolino³, Alexandra A E van der Geer⁴

¹German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 9, 2023

Resumen

Los mamíferos de las islas, especialmente los enanos y gigantes extremos, se enfrentan a los mayores riesgos de extinción. La llegada humana aceleró estas tasas de extinción más de diez veces, lo que condujo a la desaparición de muchas especies insulares únicas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva
Biogeografía de las islas
Paleontología

Sus antecedentes:

Las islas son entornos evolutivos únicos que fomentan especies distintas, incluidos enanos y gigantes.
La evolución del tamaño corporal de los mamíferos de las islas puede influir en la vulnerabilidad a la extinción.
La llegada humana ha impactado históricamente la supervivencia de las especies de las islas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar cómo la evolución del tamaño corporal en los mamíferos insulares afecta su vulnerabilidad.
Investigar el impacto de la llegada humana en las extinciones pasadas y actuales de mamíferos de la isla.
Para analizar la extinción y los riesgos de extinción de las especies de mamíferos de las islas durante 23 millones de años.

Principales métodos:

Datos integrados de 1231 especies de mamíferos de las islas existentes y 350 extintas.
Los datos de las especies analizadas abarcan los últimos 23 millones de años.
Evolución del tamaño corporal examinada y probabilidad de extinción/peligro.

Principales resultados:

Los mayores riesgos de extinción y extinción se encuentran en enanas e islas gigantes extremas.
La llegada humana agravó significativamente los riesgos de extinción de los mamíferos insulares.
La llegada del hombre moderno aceleró las tasas de extinción más de diez veces.
Se produjo una extinción casi completa de las maravillas evolutivas icónicas de la isla.

Conclusiones:

Los tamaños corporales extremos en los mamíferos de las islas se correlacionan con una mayor vulnerabilidad a la extinción.
Las actividades humanas representan uno de los principales factores de extinción de los mamíferos de las islas.
Los esfuerzos de conservación deben tener en cuenta las presiones evolutivas únicas y los impactos humanos en la fauna de la isla.

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