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Farmacología y desarrollo clínico de inhibidores del factor XI
Antonio Greco1, Claudio Laudani1, Marco Spagnolo1
1A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Italy.
Circulation
|March 13, 2023
Resumen
Los inhibidores del factor XI (FXI) ofrecen una estrategia anticoagulante prometedora al dirigirse a FXI.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Farmacología y Medicina
- Investigación de la trombosis y la hemostasis
- Desarrollo de drogas
Sus antecedentes:
- La anticoagulación terapéutica es crucial para prevenir el tromboembolismo, pero aumenta el riesgo de sangrado.
- Los anticoagulantes actuales inhiben los pasos en cascada de la coagulación, lo que lleva a una compensación entre eficacia y seguridad.
- El factor XI (FXI) juega un papel clave en la amplificación del trombo, pero un papel menor en la hemostasis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la justificación, la farmacología y los resultados de los ensayos clínicos de los inhibidores de la FXI.
- Explorar el potencial de la inhibición de FXI para desacoplar los efectos antitrombóticos del riesgo de hemorragia.
- Discutir las perspectivas futuras de los inhibidores de FXI en diversas indicaciones clínicas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre los inhibidores de la FXI, incluidos los estudios clínicos de fase 2.
- Análisis de las diferentes clases de inhibidores de FXI y sus mecanismos de acción.
- Examen de los datos clínicos de los estudios en cirugía ortopédica y fibrilación auricular.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios de fase 2 sugieren que los inhibidores de FXI pueden reducir los eventos trombóticos sin aumentar proporcionalmente el sangrado.
- Asundexian mostró tasas de sangrado más bajas que el apixaban en pacientes con fibrilación auricular, aunque los datos de prevención del accidente cerebrovascular están pendientes.
- La inhibición de FXI se está investigando para condiciones como enfermedad renal terminal, accidente cerebrovascular e infarto de miocardio.
Conclusiones:
- La inhibición de FXI presenta una estrategia terapéutica potencial para mejorar el perfil beneficio-riesgo de la anticoagulación.
- Se necesitan otros ensayos de fase 3 a gran escala para confirmar la eficacia y seguridad de los inhibidores de la FXI.
- La función óptima y las indicaciones específicas de los inhibidores de la FXI en la práctica clínica aún no se han definido.
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