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Infección grave y riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular: un estudio multicohortal
Pyry N Sipilä1,2, Joni V Lindbohm1,3, G David Batty3
1Departments of Public Health (P.N.S., J.V.L., S.T.N., J.P., M.K.).
Circulation
|March 27, 2023
Resumen
Las infecciones graves aumentan significativamente el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares importantes, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Esta asociación pone de relieve la importancia de controlar las infecciones para prevenir las enfermedades cardíacas y los accidentes cerebrovasculares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El vínculo entre diversas enfermedades infecciosas y el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) no se comprende completamente.
- La cuantificación de los riesgos de ECV a corto y largo plazo después de infecciones graves es crucial para la salud pública.
- La estimación de la fracción atribuible a la población de enfermedades cardiovasculares debidas a infecciones puede informar las estrategias de prevención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar el riesgo a corto y largo plazo de eventos cardiovasculares importantes después de infecciones graves.
- Estimar la fracción atribuible a la población de los eventos cardiovasculares relacionados con las infecciones graves.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del Biobanco del Reino Unido (331.683 participantes) y se replicaron los hallazgos en los datos de cohorte finlandeses (271.329 participantes).
- Eventos cardiovasculares mayores evaluados (infarto de miocardio, muerte cardíaca, accidente cerebrovascular) después de las infecciones diagnosticadas.
- Relaciones de riesgo ajustadas calculadas y fracciones atribuibles a la población, controlando los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Principales resultados:
- La hospitalización por infección se asoció con un mayor riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares graves, independientemente del tipo de infección.
- El riesgo fue mayor en el primer mes después de la infección (HR: 7,87 UK Biobank, 7,64 Finlandia) pero se mantuvo elevado a largo plazo (HR: 1,47 UK Biobank, 1,41 Finlandia).
- Las infecciones graves representaron el 4,4% (Biobanco del Reino Unido) y el 6,1% (Finlandia) de los eventos cardiovasculares atribuibles a la población.
Conclusiones:
- Las infecciones tratadas en el hospital elevan significativamente los riesgos inmediatos y a largo plazo de eventos cardiovasculares importantes.
- Los hallazgos subrayan las implicaciones cardiovasculares de las infecciones graves.
- La confusión residual no puede excluirse por completo para las observaciones de riesgo a largo plazo.
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