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La desaceleración y el calentamiento provocados por el agua de deshielo de la Antártida
Qian Li1, Matthew H England2, Andrew McC Hogg3
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|March 29, 2023
Resumen
El agua de deshielo antártica acelera el calentamiento del océano abisal al reducir la formación de agua de fondo antártica (AABW). Este proceso impulsado por el agua de deshielo, no por el viento o el forzamiento térmico, impacta la circulación oceánica global y el clima durante siglos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La oceanografía
- Ciencias del clima
- Glaciología
Sus antecedentes:
- La circulación oceánica abisal es vital para el ciclo global de calor, carbono y nutrientes.
- El calentamiento abismal observado en latitudes altas del sur carece de una atribución clara.
- Los modelos climáticos luchan por representar con precisión la dinámica del océano polar y los impactos del derretimiento de las capas de hielo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los impulsores del calentamiento abismal del océano y su vínculo con el cambio de la circulación.
- Proyectar futuros cambios abismales del océano, incluido el impacto del derretimiento dinámico de las capas de hielo.
- Para determinar el papel del agua de fusión antártica frente a otros forzamientos en el agua de fondo antártica.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un modelo de hielo marino acoplado a alta resolución.
- Simulado un escenario transitorio de altas emisiones durante 30 años.
- Se analizaron los cambios en las propiedades del océano abisal, la formación del agua de fondo antártica (AABW, por sus siglas en inglés) y las vías de agua profunda circumpolar.
Principales resultados:
- Bajo altas emisiones, se proyecta que el calentamiento abismal se acelerará.
- La entrada de agua de deshielo antártica causa la contracción de AABW, permitiendo que las aguas más cálidas lleguen a la plataforma continental.
- El agua de deshielo tiene un impacto significativo en las propiedades, la edad y el volumen de AABW, lo que lleva a un calentamiento y envejecimiento abismal.
Conclusiones:
- El agua de deshielo de la Antártida es un factor crítico para el vuelco del océano abismal.
- El forzamiento térmico y eólico proyectado tiene un impacto mínimo en el AABW.
- Los hallazgos subrayan las implicaciones a largo plazo del agua de deshielo de la Antártida para la biogeoquímica oceánica y el clima global.
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