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Síntesis de amoníaco a baja temperatura en catalizador de hierro con un donante de electrones

Masashi Hattori¹, Natsuo Okuyama¹, Hiyori Kurosawa¹

¹Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|March 30, 2023

Resumen

El desarrollo de nuevos catalizadores para la síntesis de amoníaco es crucial para la producción sostenible de alimentos. Este estudio introduce un catalizador a base de hierro que produce eficazmente amoníaco a bajas temperaturas, reduciendo el consumo de energía y las emisiones de CO2.

Área de la Ciencia:

Catálisis
Ciencias de los materiales
Ingeniería Química

Sus antecedentes:

El proceso Haber-Bosch es vital para la seguridad alimentaria mundial, produciendo amoníaco para fertilizantes.
La producción actual de amoníaco depende en gran medida de los combustibles fósiles, lo que contribuye significativamente a las emisiones de CO2.
Existe una necesidad crítica de catalizadores de síntesis de amoníaco eficientes desde el punto de vista energético que funcionen a temperaturas más bajas (<150 °C).

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar un nuevo catalizador heterogéneo para la síntesis eficiente de amoníaco a temperaturas reducidas.
Investigar la actividad catalítica de las partículas metálicas de hierro combinadas con materiales donantes de electrones.
Explorar catalizadores que minimicen el consumo de energía y reduzcan la huella de carbono de la producción de amoníaco.

Principales métodos:

Síntesis de partículas metálicas de hierro soportadas en materiales donantes de electrones (BaO y BaH2).
Prueba del rendimiento catalítico del catalizador a base de hierro desarrollado para la síntesis de amoníaco.
Caracterización de la actividad y estabilidad del catalizador a temperaturas tan bajas como 100 °C.

Principales resultados:

Las partículas metálicas de hierro combinadas con BaO y BaH2 catalizan efectivamente la síntesis de amoníaco a 100 °C.
El catalizador de hierro demostró una alta frecuencia de rotación (aproximadamente 12 s-1), superior a la de otros catalizadores de metales de transición.
La mayor actividad se atribuye a la capacidad intrínseca del hierro para desorbar moléculas de hidrógeno a bajas temperaturas.

Conclusiones:

El catalizador a base de hierro desarrollado ofrece una alternativa prometedora para la síntesis de amoníaco a baja temperatura.
Este avance puede reducir significativamente la demanda de energía y las emisiones de CO2 asociadas a la producción de amoníaco.
Los hallazgos allanan el camino para una fabricación de fertilizantes más sostenible y respetuosa con el medio ambiente.

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