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Quimerismo obligatorio en las hormigas amarillas locas masculinas
H Darras1,2, C Berney2, S Hasin3
1Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 6, 2023
Resumen
Las hormigas locas amarillas exhiben una reproducción única. Los machos son quimeras de dos linajes celulares, con un linaje formando células corporales y el otro formando esperma, influyendo en el desarrollo de la descendencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología de la reproducción
- La genética
- El comportamiento de los insectos
Sus antecedentes:
- Los organismos multicelulares surgen típicamente de un solo óvulo fertilizado, lo que resulta en poblaciones de células clonales.
- La hormiga loca amarilla (Anoplolepis gracilipes) presenta una estrategia de reproducción inusual.
- La comprensión de los mecanismos reproductivos es crucial para la biología evolutiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el extraordinario sistema reproductivo de la hormiga loca amarilla.
- Para dilucidar las bases celulares de la quimera en hormigas machos.
- Explorar las implicaciones de este modo reproductivo en el conflicto de linaje y el desarrollo de la descendencia.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de quimeras en hormigas amarillas y locas.
- Seguimiento de la distribución diferencial de dos linajes celulares (R y W) en tejidos somáticos y esperma.
- Investigar el papel de la singamia y la fertilización en la determinación del desarrollo de la reina o la trabajadora.
Principales resultados:
- Las hormigas locas amarillas macho son quimeras compuestas de células haploides de dos linajes distintos: R y W.
- Las células R son predominantes en los tejidos somáticos, mientras que las células W están sobrerrepresentadas en el esperma.
- Los descendientes se convierten en reinas o obreras basadas en la fertilización por espermatozoides R o W, respectivamente, después de que los núcleos parentales pasan por alto la singamia.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio revela un nuevo sistema reproductivo en las hormigas que involucra quimeras celulares y contribución de linaje diferencial a las células germinales y somáticas.
- La estrategia reproductiva observada puede provenir de un conflicto entre linajes que compiten por la entrada preferencial en la línea germinal.
- Este mecanismo proporciona un modelo único para estudiar la plasticidad del desarrollo y el conflicto evolutivo en los insectos sociales.
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